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www.advancedsciencenews.com www.advenergymat.de Figure 2. The typical working mechanisms of WD-TENG. a) The flutter-driven structure (Reproduced with permission.[31] Copyright 2015, Wiley-VCH) and b) the rotational structure (Reproduced with permission.[30] Copyright 2015, Elsevier). freestanding side of the FEP film will vibrate up and down to contact the surfaces of both Al electrodes, leading to an output voltage and current across an external resistor. Output voltage and current are up to 100 V and 1.6 μA, and a corresponding output power of 0.16 mW are detected under a loading resist- ance of 100 MΩ. Although single-side fixed based WD-TENG holds a great number of advantages in harvesting wind energy, it still under- goes instability of the output electric signal due to the arbitrary fluttering of the freestanding electrode. Aero-elastic motion mode WD-TENG, whose flutter is fixed on both two sides, was designed to provide new approach to overcome this shortage. Figure 4c presents the schematic diagram of the double-side- fixed mode WD-TENG. Basically, the WD-TENG consists of two Al electrodes covered by superhydrophobic films and a polyamide (PA) film. Two air gaps divide two modified Al elec- trodes and PA film which is fixed by two bolts into three parts. The air fluid is loaded into the gaps and vibrates the PA film, resulting in the contact and separation of the superhydrophobic films and PA film, thus generating an output voltage and cur- rent. A photograph of the fabricated WD-TENG is as shown in Figure 4d. The rotational structure is widely used to scavenge wind energy via using wind turbines or wind cups. As shown in Figure 2b, typical in-plane cycled sliding mode WD-TENG consists of a rotator (FEP) and a stator with two separated electrodes (Cu). FEP and Cu, with opposite triboelectric polari- ties, are initially compelled to contact each other. When the two planes are relatively sliding, electrons transfer from the surface of Cu onto FEP plane, leading to an output electric signal. In order to enhance the output performance, the non- contact working mode are more preferred rather than contact- separation working mode, since the latter mode is always suf- fered from the friction effect which reduces the energy convert efficiency.[60] A rotational sweeping based WD-TENG was developed for harvesting weak wind energy in the environment.[61] The main structure of the WD-TENG includes a framework, a shaft, a Adv. Energy Mater. 2017, 1702649 1702649 (4 of 13) © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, WeinheimPDF Image | Scavenging Wind Energy by Triboelectric Nanogenerators
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