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16,000 ,.� Figure 7. Combined Cycle Efficiency with Steam Injection. With: PAMB = 14.48 psia, boiler firing; NCIT = 6950 rpm; 1450°F T.l.T. Combined cycle efficiency decreases as the boiler is fired because fuel energy required to raise, and heat, injection steam is converted to horsepower at an incremental efficiency of only 18 percent. When the extra power produced by injection steam at 18 percent efficiency is added to the combined cycle power produced at 29.3 percent before boiler firing, the resulting total power is generated at only 27.2 percent. The reason for the low steam side efficiency (18 percent) becomes apparent when enthalpy changes experienced by the steam are positioned on a h-s diagram for water vapor. Injection steam enthalpy and entropy is traced in Figure 8, from entry into the cycle as boiler feed water (Point 1), to exit from the cycle as water vapor in the stack (Point 9). A simple division of enthalpy produced as injection steam expands through the compressor turbine and power turbine, by enthalpy added through combustion DESIGN, INSTALLATION, AND TEST OF A STEAM INJECTION SYSTEM ON AN EARLY FRAME 3 GAS TURBINE IN A COMBINED CYCLE PIPELINE COMPRESSOR STATION 141 Steam turbine power was calculated assuming: • Steam available for expansion through the steam turbine equalled 87 percent of (boiler steam production - injection steam extraction). • Steam lost 10°F and 10 psi between superheater exit and steam turbine inlet. • Steam turbine exit pressure was constant at 2.5 in HGA, and • Steam turbine efficiency was 68.9 percent. As discussed earlier, steam injection was an economical means of uprating compressor station throughput, without changing tur bine hardware, by utilizing the supplementary fired capacity of the waste heat boiler. The amount of steam generated from the turbine exhaust is not sufficient to operate the steam turbines at full rated power. It is necessary to supplementary fire the waste heat boiler; thus, any extra steam which can be raised by firing can be injected into the gas turbine to boost gas turbine (and thus, combined cycle) power. Combined cycle power is presented in Figure 6 as a function of steam injection and ambient temperature. The variation of combined cycle efficiency with injection steam flow and ambient temperature is presented in Figure 7. It can be seen that boiler firing results in a decreased combined cycle efficiency; at 59°F ambient temperature, combined cycle efficien cy drops from 29.3 percent to 27.2 percent, a 7.2 percent decrease. 31 � l; 30 0 a;z ::! 0 27 ffi�if;w 29 � 100 <.> 0 � �I " 11,000 10,000 � 13,000 12.0 100 0 ,.�, 1�\,PDF Image | STEAM INJECTION SYSTEM ON AN EARLY FRAME 3 GAS TURBINE IN A COMBINED CYCLE PIPELINE COMPRESSOR STATION
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