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142 PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-FIRST TURBOMACHINERY SYMPOSIUM of fuel in the boiler and gas turbine, gives 18 percent injection steam efficiency. The seven percent reduction in efficiency means that increased station throughput resulting from the 21 percent increase in power will be slightly reduced, due to the extra fuel consumption, but the overall economic evaluation remains positive. STEAM INJECTION SYSTEM DESIGN When steam injection is retrofit to an industrial gas turbine for power augmentation, the steam is usually injected into the com bustor shell [14] where it mixes with compressor delivery air, before entering the combustors. The early MS 3002 turbines do not have a combustor shell; instead, each of the six liners is enclosed in separate casing, as shown in Figure 9. Compressor delivery air discharges directly into the liner dome region, as shown in Figure 10. INLET low liner wall temperatures. Ecob [16] measured a steam-to-fuel mass ratio (SFR) of about 2.2:1 for natural gas fuel, with steam injected in the primary zone before blow out. Experience with compressor delivery air/steam mixing in the combustor shell [14] with some steam reaching the primary zone, showed SFRs of 4.6:1 could be achieved before combustion efficiency started to de crease. Therefore, it was felt that steam introduction downstream of the primary zone would be desirable. The "straight-through combustor" configuration allowed this objective to be met by the addition of a steam supply manifold around the upstream end of each liner casing, as shown in Figure 11. To allow access to two liner casing flange bolts, the manifold was split into a 46 degree segment and a 283 degree segment. Steam was injected through the liner casing into the annulus around the liner in two rows of 13 /64 in diameter holes, equispaced at 20 degree increments and separated axially by 0.8 in. Manifold supply steam was introduced into a nozzle block on the 283 degree manifold from which point it supplied 30 liner casing holes, along with a crossover pipe that supplied the remaining six holes. MANIFOLD Figure 11. Steam Supply Manifold. The six individual steam manifolds were supplied from a 280 degree pipe through lined flexibles, as shown for three combustors in Figure 12. To achieve a circumferentially uniform distribution EXHAUST Figure 9. MS 3002 B Unit Number 5 at Billingsley, Alabama. Since steam was to be injected for power augmentation, not NOx control, the objective was to achieve combustion stability at the highest possible steam/fuel (mass) ratio, while maintaining Figure 10. MS 3002 Gas Turbine. Figure 12. Steam Supply Piping.PDF Image | STEAM INJECTION SYSTEM ON AN EARLY FRAME 3 GAS TURBINE IN A COMBINED CYCLE PIPELINE COMPRESSOR STATION
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