PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 003
gas that persists in the atmosphere over a long period (Daley, 2012). Perhaps surprisingly given its scale today, air transport has hitherto been a comparatively modest contributor to climate change. Emissions from all forms of transport comprise about 23 per cent of total emissions (Rhoades, 2014), and global aviation emissions amount to about 12 per cent of this, or three per cent of the overall level of emissions (Palmer, 2015). This goes some way to explain why aviation emissions were not included in the Kyoto Protocol. Lately the perception that aviation missions are relatively modest has begun to change. In part this is because of the increased credibility given to climate change generally, but it also reflects the continued growth of air transport. Since the start of the jet age in the 1960s, air travel has increased dramatically, almost trebling (Vasigh et al. (2013) in the last 20 years (see figure1). This growth has outpaced any specific reductions in emissions that have been achieved through technological advances. The latter have been significant. Over the course of several decades there have been substantial improvements in the fuel efficiency of commercial airliners. The amount of fuel used per mile travelled has dropped by 60% in the last 35 years, and this has been accompanied by lower emissions (Daley, 2012). Most of the improvement has come from advances in engine technology, in particular the use of higher bypass ratios (BPRs) on turbofan engines that have been the product of advances in fan technology associated with new materials and improved aerodynamics. ************ Insert Figure 1 ************ After six decades of advances however, gas turbine technology is now relatively mature. Consequently projections for the next 15 years anticipate improvements in fuel consumption to be more modest, and are estimated at no more than one per cent per year (Marais and Waitz, 2016). At the same time commercial market forecasts indicate that sustained growth in air transport of five per cent per year will continue until 2030 (Airbus, 2007; Boeing, 2008). At this rate air transport can be expected to double every 15 years, leading to a sixfold increase by the middle of the century (Palmer, 2015). Given the projected sustained rapid growth of the air transport industry, aircraft emissions are expected to constitute a significant proportion of greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 (Daley, 2012), since emission reductions, assuming turbofan 3PDF Image | Sustainable and Green Engine (SAGE) Aircraft Engine of the Future
PDF Search Title:
Sustainable and Green Engine (SAGE) Aircraft Engine of the FutureOriginal File Name Searched:
208378762.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |