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www.advancedsciencenews.com www.aem-journal.com a) The curve of nonlinear fitting equation of the relative permittivity of PTFE sheet. b) The theoretical calculation of transferred charges of TENG at various temperature conditions (Nt 1⁄4 1.3 105/cm3 eV), only the temperature effect on relative permittivity of PTFE was taken into regarded. c) The coefficient sensitivity of DQsc to T, which is just contributed by the temperature indcued changes of relative permittivity of PTFE. d) The DQsc of TENG under the combined effect of er and Nt. contact/friction electrification.[36] We suppose the effect of temperature perturbation would decline the stability of charges so that the magnitude of charges on the PTFE thin layer of surface would be reduced base on the theoretical calculations. And the more and more defects that can be occupied may be reduced owning to reduction of dangling bonds of the PTFE surface. 3.5. The Characterization of PTFE Sheets The SEM images of PTFE sheet after the TENG worked at different conditions are shown in Figure 5. There are more and more flaking off thin sheets or small debris on the worn PTFE surface as the temperature rises. More and more flaking off thin sheets indicate that the intermo- lecular bonding force of PTFE become weaker even chemical bonds rupture. The abrasion resistance of PTFE get worse when the tempera- ture rises.[38] Secondly, the FTIR spectra of PTFE sheet after friction with the Al electrode at various temper- atures is illustrated in Figure 6a. Figure 6b shows that the absorption bands appear at 773 and 793 cm1 owing to the presence of group CF2O.[39,40] As shown in Figure 6c, three absorption bands which reveal the asymmetric stretching vibration and stretching vibration of CF2 appear at about 1100–1300 cm1 when the Figure 4. changes of the number of effective traps. Therefore, S(DQsc, T), the sensitivitycoefficientofDQsctoT,canbedefinedbyusingtheratio of relative change of both DQsc and T, SðDQsc;TÞ1⁄4dDQsc T dT DQsc S(DQsc, T) > 0 means that the growing temperature will cause the increase in DQsc. In contrast, S(DQsc, T) < 0 indicates that DQsc will be reduced as the temperature rises. For example, S (DQsc, T) is 0.1 when temperature is 140 C, and it means that 1% increase in temperature will lead to 10% decrease of DQsc. There is a little increase of DQsc in the temperature range of 40–85C, but the DQsc drops rapidly when the temperature is above 90 C or below 40 C, shown in Figure 4c. It is accordant with the profile shown in Figure 2f. In addition, the DQsc is also related to N"t according to Equation 3. The electrical output of TENG as a function of er and N"t is shown in Figure 4d. It implies that the decrease of er and N" t will weaken the PTFE’s ability of bound electrons during the triboelectrification process. The triboelectric charges on the PTFE just are generated on the several hundred nanometers thin layer of the PTFE surface during a process of temperature is below 70 C, but they gradually become a single wide absorption peak when the temperature increase from Adv. Eng. Mater. 2017, 00, 1700275 1700275 (5 of 8) © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Figure 5. SEM photographs of the PTFE and flaking off thin sheets (as the pointing of arrows). a) is the photo of primitive PTFE without friction. And the PTFE after friction 10 min with Al electrode at different temperatures: b) 20C, c) 30C, d) 150C.PDF Image | Temperature Effect on Performance of Triboelectric Nanogenerator
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