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Nano Energy (]]]]) ], ]]]–]]] RAPID COMMUNICATION Available online at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/nanoenergy Triboelectric nanogenerators as a new energy technology: From fundamentals, devices, to applications Guang Zhua,n, Bai Pengb, Jun Chenb, Qingshen Jingb, Zhong Lin Wanga,b,nn aBeijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China bSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA Received 26 October 2014; accepted 25 November 2014 KEYWORDS Contact electrifica- tion; Self-powered electro- nics; Energy harvesting; Triboelectric nanogenerator Introduction The advance of integrated circuits in the last decade has ushered in the age of miniaturized electronics that are becom- ing more portable, wearable, stand-alone and even implantable than ever before. They then require power solutions that are sustainable, maintenance-free and even perpetual, making the nCorresponding author. nnCorresponding author at: Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China. E-mail addresses: zhuguang@binn.cas.cn (G. Zhu), zlwang@binn.cas.cn (Z. Lin Wang). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2014.11.050 2211-2855/& 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. use of conventional power supplies such as battery limited. With this regard, energy harvesting techniques that can capture and convert ambient energy have emerged as a supplementary and even an alternative power solution [1–4]. Mechanical energy, due to its abundant availability, is an ideal source for energy harvesting. Well-established transduction mechanisms for mechanical energy harvesting include electrostatic, electro- magnetic, and piezoelectric effects, which have been exten- sively studied for a few decades [5–13]. In the last several years, a new type of energy harvesting technology named as triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has emerged to harness ambient mechanical motions [14–17]. The TENG has a novel and unique mechanism by using the coupling between triboelectric effect and electrostatic Abstract Contact electrification is coupled with electrostatic induction in developing triboelectric nanogen- erator as a new energy technology. The triboelectric nanogenerator has two basic operating modes that can be used to harvest a variety of mechanical energy. It provides not only a viable means of powering portable and wearable electronics, but also demonstrates a possible route towards power generation in large scale. This paper makes a comprehensive review on fundamentals, operating modes, device design and performance enhancement of this newly emerged technology. & 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Please cite this article as: G. Zhu, et al., Triboelectric nanogenerators as a new energy technology: From fundamentals, devices, to applications, Nano Energy (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2014.11.050PDF Image | Triboelectric nanogenerators as a new energy technology
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