Triboelectric nanogenerators as a new energy technology

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4 G. Zhu et al. complete contact is made again (Fig. 1a V and VI). It can be derived that the open-circuit voltage is dependent on the relative position of the two charged layers. If they are held still, the open-circuit voltage will keep stable. In a short-circuit condition, electrons can redistribute between the two back electrodes due to electrostatic induction, making net induced charges possible on a single electrode. The induced charge density (σ') can be expressed as below. ' σdεrkεrp σ1⁄4dεþdεεþdε ð2Þ 1 rp rk rp 2 rk where εrk, and εrp are the relative permittivity of Kapton and PMMA, respectively, d1 and d2 are the thickness of the Kapton film and the PMMA layer, respectively. The flow of the induced charges then forms output current whose Fig. 3 The harmonic resonator TENG based on the contact mode. (a) Open-circuit voltage as a function of vibration frequency. (b) Short-circuit current as a function of vibration frequency. (c) Open-circuit voltage at the resonant frequency of 14.5 Hz. (d) Short-circuit current at the resonant frequency of 14.5 Hz. (e) Photograph that shows a TENG on an automotive engine to drive LED bulbs. (f) Photograph that shows a TENG triggered by hand impact on a desk to power LED bulbs. Please cite this article as: G. Zhu, et al., Triboelectric nanogenerators as a new energy technology: From fundamentals, devices, to applications, Nano Energy (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2014.11.050

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