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Triboelectric nanogenerators as a new energy technology

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12 G. Zhu et al. Fig. 12 Demonstrations of the integrated power-supplying system for driving and charging electronics. (a) Photograph of an alarm triggered by a wireless emitter that relies on the power-supplying system (scale bar: 3 cm). Inset: photograph of the “panic” button that sets off the alarm. (b) Photograph of a multi-function digital clock driven by the power-supplying system (scale bar: 3 cm). (c) Photograph of a cellphone that is being charged by the power-supplying system (scale bar: 3 cm). induction. It provides a practical approach in harvesting mechanical energy in a variety of forms, including impact, vibration, sliding, rotation, etc. This newly emerged technol- ogy features high output intensity, light weight and small volume. It is promising to become a viable means of powering small electronics and even a possible solution for large-scale power generation. Acknowledgments Research was supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (DE-FG02-07ER46394), the “thousands talents” program for pioneer researcher and his innovation team, China, and Beijing City Committee of Science and Technology Projects (Z131100006013004, Z131100006013005). References [1] S.P. Beeby, M.J. Tudor, N.M. White, Meas. Sci. Technol. 17 (2006) R175. [2] Z.L. Wang, Adv. Mater. 24 (2011) 280. [3] P.D. Mitcheson, E.M. Yeatman, G.K. Rao, A.S. Holmes, T.C. Green, Proc. IEEE 96 (2008) 1457. [4] J.A. Paradiso, T. Starner, IEEE Pervasive Comput. 4 (2005) 18. [5] P. Miao, P.D. Mitcheson, A.S. Holmes, E.M. Yeatman, T.C. Green, B.H. Stark, Microsyst. Technol. 12 (2006) 1079. [6] S. Round, R.K. Wright, J. Rabaey, J. Comput. Commun. 26 (2003) 1131. [7] S. Priya, J. Electroceram. 19 (2007) 165. [8] S.P. Beeby, R.N. Torah, M.J. Tudor, P. Glynne-Jones, T. O'Donnell, C.R. Saha, S. Roy., J. Micromech. Microeng. 17 (2007) 1257. [9] H.-W. Lo, Y.-C. Tai, J. Micromech. Microeng. 18 (2008) 104006. [10] F. Lu, H.P. Lee, S.P. Lim, Smart Mater. Struct. 13 (2004) 57. [11] L.C. Rome, L. Flynn, E.M. Goldman, T.D. Yoo, Science 309 (2005) 1725. [12] J.M. Donelan, Q. Li, V. Naing, J.A. Hoffer, D.J. Weber, A.D. Kuo, Science 319 (2008) 807. [13] A. Harb, Renew. Energy 36 (2011) 2641. [14] F.-R. Fan, Z.-Q. Tian, Z.L. Wang, Nano Energy 1 (2013) 328. [15] G. Zhu, C. Pan, W. Guo, C.-Y. Chen, Y. Zhou, R. Yu, Z.L. Wang, Nano Lett. 12 (2012) 4960. [16] G. Zhu, Z.-H. Lin, Q. Jing, P. Bai, C. Pan, Y. Yang, Y. Zhou, Nano Lett. 13 (2013) 847. [17] G. Zhu, J. Chen, Y. Liu, P. Bai, Y.S. Zhou, Q. Jing, C. Pan, Z.L. Wang, Nano Lett. 13 (2013) 2282. [18] G. Zhu, J. Chen, Q. Jing, T. Zhang, Z.L. Wang, Nat. Commun. 5 (2014) 3426. [19] G. Zhu, Y.S. Zhou, P. Bai, X. Meng, Q. Jing, J. Chen, Z.L. Wang, Adv. Mater. 26 (2014) 3788. [20] A.F. Diaz, J. Guay, IBM J. Res. Dev. 37 (1993) 249. [21] D.K. Davies, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 2 (1969) 1533. [22] C.B. Duke, J. Appl. Phys. 49 (1978) 315. [23] J.A. Wiles, B.A. Grzybowski, A. Winkleman, G.M. Whitesides, Anal. Chem. 75 (2003) 4859. [24] L.S. McCarty, A. Winkleman, G.M. Whitesides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129 (2007) 4075. [25] Y.S. Zhou, Y. Liu, G. Zhu, Z.-L. Lin, C. Pan, Q. Jing, Z.L. Wang, Nano Lett. 13 (2013) 2771. [26] Y.S. Zhou, S. Wang, Y. Yang, G. Zhu, S. Niu, Z.-H. Lin, Y. Liu, Z.L. Wang, Nano Lett. 14 (2014) 1567. [27] B.A. Kwetkus, Part. Sci. Technol. 16 (1998) 55. [28] D.M. Pai, B.E. Springett, Rev. Mod. Phys. 65 (1993) 163. [29] B.A. Grzybowski, A. Winkleman, J.A. Wiles, Y. Brumer, G.M. Whitesides, Nat. Mater. 2 (2003) 241–245. [30] G.S.P. Castle, J. Electrostat. 40 (1997) 13. [31] E. Nemeth, V. Albrecht, G. Schubert, F. Simon, J. Electrostat. 58 (2003) 3. [32] M. Lungu, Miner. Eng. 17 (2004) 69. [33] J. Chen, G. Zhu, W. Yang, Q. Jing, P. Bai, Y. Yang, T.-C. Hou, Z.L. Wang, Adv. Mater. 25 (2014) 6094. [34] Q. Jing, G. Zhu, P. Bai, Y. Xie, J. Chen, R. Han, Z.L. Wang, ACS Nano 8 (2014) 3836. [35] P. Bai, G. Zhu, Y. Liu, J. Chen, Q. Jing, W. Yang, J. Ma, G. Zhang, Z.L. Wang, ACS Nano 7 (2013) 6361. [36] P. Bai, G. Zhu, Z.L. Wang, Nano Res. 7 (2014) 990. [37] P. Bai, G. Zhu, Z.-H. Lin, Q. Jing, J. Chen, G. Zhang, J. Ma, Z.L. Wang, ACS Nano 7 (2013) 3713. Dr. Guang Zhu is a professor at Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He received his Ph.D. degree in Materials Science and Engineering at Georgia Tech in 2013 and his Bachelor degree in Materials Science and Engineering at Beijing University of Chemi- cal Technology in 2008. His current research mainly focuses on designing, fabrication, and implementation of innovative miniatur- ized high-efficiency generators that harvest and convert ambient mechanical energy into electricity. He has widespread applications Please cite this article as: G. Zhu, et al., Triboelectric nanogenerators as a new energy technology: From fundamentals, devices, to applications, Nano Energy (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2014.11.050

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