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Introduction Triboelectric Nanogenerators Recently, the development of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) has enabled an alternative method of harvesting mechanical energy from the environment [1]. These devices make use of the triboelectric effect, the tendency of a material to gain or lose electrons when it is forced against another material. Materials which are more positive on the triboelectric scale have a tendency to lose electrons when in contact with other materials, and those which gain electrons are more negative on the triboelectric scale. This tendency is quantified as the charge affinity (nC/J), which corresponds to one nanoampsec/wattsec of friction [2]. Two insulators from opposite ends of the triboelectric series produce the largest charge distribution when they are pressed together and separated. A few selected materials are shown in Table 1, with the full table included in Appendix A. Table 1 – Selected materials and triboelectric charge affinity. The metal effect indicates the charge acquired by the material if rubbed with metal, relative to the normal affinity. In this column, N indicates Normal (or consistent with the standard affinity) and W indicates a weak resulting charge affinity. Tests were performed by Bill Lee (Ph.D., physics). ©2009 by AlphaLab, Inc. (TriField.com), which also manufactured the test equipment used [2]. Full table included in Appendix A. Forti, 1 Insulator Name Polyurethane foam Box sealing tape (BOPP) Hair, oily skin Solid polyurethane, filled Glass (soda) Affinity (nC/J) +60 +55 +45 +40 +25 +5 +3 0 -5 -5 Metal Effect +N +W +N +N +N +N -W -W -W -N -N -N -N -N Cotton Nitrile rubber Wool Polycarbonate ABS Polystyrene -70 PVC (rigid vinyl) Butyl rubber, filled Teflon -100 -135 -190PDF Image | Triboelectric Turbines: Multi-Rotor Counter-Rotating Wind Turbine Utilizing Direct-Current Triboelectric Nanogenerators
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