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0.2~0.3% of the generator gross output, depending upon the generator operating point. For illustration, on sketch SK01, the static excitation transformer draws 117 kW, or 0.23% of the 50,395 kW of gross power produced by the generator. h) Transformer Losses - Every transformer has losses associated with magnetic and current induced resistance losses, and cooling system losses, usually associated with some sort of cooling system which will include temperature-controlled electric motor-driven forced-air fans. The transformer manufacturer will provide efficiency data on the specific piece of equipment but typical input-to-output efficiency values are in the order of 98.0 ~ 99.7%, depending upon the transformer's size and design, and the operating and ambient conditions. These transformer losses will apply to both the plant step-up and plant step-down transformers. For illustration, sketch SK01 shows that the main step-up transformer T1 loses about 148 kW of the 49,106 kW input power (a loss of approximately 0.3%), while the auxiliary transformer AT-1 and AT-2 losses are about 11/537 = 2% and 7/635 = 1% respectively. The efficiencies of these transformers are part of the parasitic losses of a total powerplant system. i) Controls - The parasitic loss for the controls will be one of the smaller powerplant parasitic loads, and should be based on the normal continuous steady state operating load from the control power supply system. In the case of co-generation or combined cycle projects where the control systems for the steam side may be integrated with that for the gas turbine, it will be rather difficult to split the parasitic load for attribution to the gas turbine and the steam system. j) Miscellaneous Auxiliaries - Other devices which can cause parasitic losses are the battery chargers for the DC power supply system for the emergency lube pumps, air compressors, lighting, HVAC - heating, ventilation and air conditioning, and in the case of co-generation or combined-cycle plants, feedwater and condensate pumping systems, water treatment systems, condenser cooling water and/or cooling tower systems. UNDERSTANDING GAS TURBINE PERFORMANCE © Gryphon International Engineering Services Inc. St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada GTPerf_0900 Page 16PDF Image | UNDERSTANDING GAS TURBINE PERFORMANCE
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