Chemical Processes and Use of CO2

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Chemical Processes and Use of CO2 ( chemical-processes-and-use-co2 )

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1CO2 UTILIZATION Will CO2 be able to replace crude oil in the future? the construction industry, in cosmetics, in pharmaceutical products and in many other fields. The vast majority of these products are associated with that part of chemistry known as organic chemistry and for which carbon is the essential element. Carbon, which is abbreviated in chemistry with the letter ‘C’, is an element whose electron configuration makes it able to form complex chemical compounds. It is this property of carbon that forms the basis for life on Earth and it enables the formation and processing of a vast number of different molecules by chemical synthesis and conversion. Car- bon is present in the natural world in a variety of forms. It is found in a va- riety of naturally occurring sources, such as carbonates, crude oil, natural gas, coal and carbon dioxide. Currently, however, crude oil is the source of carbon for almost all of the world’s plastics, organic chemicals and fuels. In 2017, the German chemical industry consumed around 17.4 million met- ric tons of fossil resources (petroleum products, natural gas, coal) . Howev- er, fossil sources of carbon are finite; humans continue to consume in huge quantities a scarce resource that the global economy currently cannot do without or does not want to do without. With finite sources of fossil carbon becoming increasingly scarce, the chemical industry is slowly beginning to lose its conventional raw materials base. In future, therefore, companies in the chemical sector will be forced to use alternative sources of carbon in or- der to be able to continue to produce the products currently being marketed. The forecasting of future market behaviour is also becoming increasingly uncertain, as such projections rely on taking a large number of variables into account. The increasing scarcity of fossil resources will result in politically influenced and strategic interventions that in turn will drive fluctuations in market prices, making long-term planning of raw material supplies much harder. In mid-2014, the price of oil was around US$ 115 per barrel. As a re- sult of a fracking boom in the USA and politically motivated strategic moves Feedstock for the organic chemistry in Germany Natural gasoline 11 % Coal 2 % Total material use : 20 millionen tons Naphtha 74 % Renewable raw materials 11 % Source: VCI, FNR Basis: Feedstock in tons Fig. 2: Raw materials mix used for the production of organic chemicals (Germany 2017), total quantity: approx. 20m metric tons (Source: VCI) 14

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