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MOTIVATION, CHALLENGES, OUTLOOK properties. This is because the properties shown by a plastic (hard or soft, brittle or elastic, foamable or non-foamable) can vary significantly depend- ing on the choice of starting materials. This variability in material proper- ties is what makes plastics economically so attractive. A further incentive for utilising CO2 in the synthesis of plastics is that the production process may be more environmentally friendly with lower levels of process-related CO2 emissions or reduced consumption of fossil resources. Evaluating whether or not this is the case for a given CO2-based process requires a life cycle assessment to be carried out and the results must then be compared with those for an established conventional process that uses purely fossil-based raw materials. The polymer reaction that produces polyether carbonate polyols – com- ponents used in the manufacture of the ubiquitous mass-produced plastic polyurethane – was developed in the ‘Dream Reactions’ project, itself part of the research and development programme ‘Technologies for Sustainability and Climate Protection – Chemical Processes and Use of CO2’ funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). The ‘Dream Reactions’ project involved fundamental studies aimed at understanding the catalytic production of monomeric and polymeric carbonates using CO2 as a synthetic building block. The goal was to synthesise polyether carbonate polyols from CO2 and epoxides. Polyols are a group of organic compounds that contain the hydroxyl group (–OH) as a repeat structural element. The project partners, coordinated by COVESTRO, succeeded in manufacturing polyether carbonate polyols with outstanding material properties via a cata- lytic reaction that utilised CO2. A life cycle assessment conducted by RWTH Fig. 6: Completed Mini Plant for the production of CO2-containing polyols 23PDF Image | Chemical Processes and Use of CO2
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