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1CO2 UTILIZATION ECCO2 1.6 ECCO2 – Combinatorial electrocatalytic CO2 reduction BMBF Project FKZ 033RC1101 Project Coordinator: Dr. Karl Mayrhofer, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH (Project enforcement at Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH) 1.6.1 Introduction The electrochemical reduction of CO2 offers a means of converting CO2 di- rectly into fuels or feedstock molecules. If the electrolysis process is powered by renewable energy, such an approach offers a means of upgrading CO2 from an industrial waste product to a useable resource without generating additional greenhouse gas emissions. Industry would then have access to an artificial CO2 cycle that has been unavailable up until now. This would also provide a means of storing renewable energy in order to compensate for the fluctuating power levels from renewable sources. This is one of the most im- portant tasks required if the transition to a renewables-based energy system is to be achieved. The advantages of electrochemical CO2 reduction arise in part because only a few energy conversion stages are required, as electric- ity, which is the most common form of energy produced from renewable sources, is used directly to convert (i.e. electrochemically reduce) CO2. Elec- trochemical CO2 reduction therefore offers excellent potential for achieving high process efficiency. Another important feature of electrochemical CO2 reduction is that has a broad spectrum of potential end products. Depending on the catalyst and process conditions used, the primary products could be hydrocarbons, alcohols, formic acid or carbon monoxide and hydrogen. It is also noteworthy that the necessary thermodynamic potentials lie in the re- gion needed in order to generate hydrogen electrochemically. Therefore in- stead of using renewable energy to produce hydrogen and then reacting this hydrogen with carbon monoxide in a heterogeneously catalysed reaction to produce fuels, the fuels could be generated directly from renewably sourced electricity. The problem of product storage, which is particularly relevant in the case of hydrogen, is therefore either reduced or eliminated depend- ing on the product concerned. Nevertheless, the development of plants de- signed for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 lags seriously behind that of hydrogen electrolysis units or conventional heterogeneous gas catalysis. The main cause of this discrepancy is the challenge of achieving improved process efficiency. Although CO2 reduction offers a broad range of potential products, the ability to selectively synthesise specific products is limited, but is nevertheless essential if the process is to be implemented cost-effectively. For products such as CO or formic acid, current catalysts exhibit high Fara- 54PDF Image | Chemical Processes and Use of CO2
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