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1CO2 UTILIZATION COOBAF Evonik Industries AG An experimental setup was created at Evonik to work with strictly anaer- obic microorganisms and the equipment was scaled up from initial shake flask experiments to a two-litre stirred reactor. As part of the fermentation development work, substrate limitation and product inhibition effects were studied and on the basis of those findings a lab-scale, three-stage continuous fermentation process with cell retention was designed and built. At the same time, studies were carried out to optimise the growth media and this led to a four-fold increase in the amount of acetone produced. Over the course of the project, acetone productivity was boosted by a factor of about 1000 up to more than 0.1 g/(l·h). A three-stage workup process was developed to enable the acetone prod- uct to be separated from the fermentation broth. The acetone was removed from the fermentation broth while fermentation was ongoing by (in situ) stripping with the feed gas as this ensured that product formation would not be inhibited by high acetone concentrations. The next step in the workup process involves absorptive extraction of the acetone from the exhaust gas stream, which is followed by distillation to separate the acetone, co-products and the absorbent. The workup process has a yield of greater than 95%, it is cost-effective, it can be easily scaled up, and the product fulfils the quality specifications that need to be met in order for the acetone to be used in fur- ther chemical conversion processes. 1.7.4 Exploitation, commercialisation and dissemination of results Over the course of the project it was shown that a number of different ace- togenic bacterial strains that had been modified by the insertion of genes required for acetone synthesis were able to produce acetone from CO2 and H2 under anaerobic conditions. As the acetone was produced via bacterial fermentation using CO2 as the sole source of carbon, this suggests that it will be possible to generate acetone in a cost-effective and resource-friendly way by utilising industrial waste gas streams containing CO2 and H2. The work on microbial acetone production carried out within this fundamental biotech research project is highly relevant today and represents an excellent basis for establishing a sustainable industrial process in future. In contrast to alternative sources of carbon from renewable raw materials, such as glucose or saccharose, CO2 from industrial flue gases is available in almost unlimited supply and can be supplied at significantly lower cost. As the feedstock materials used (CO2 and H2) are gaseous substrates, it would be possible to feed the gases repeatedly through the fermenter so that an 66PDF Image | Chemical Processes and Use of CO2
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