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ORGKOKAT FUNDED PROJECTS 1.12 OrgKoKat – New organocatalysts and cooperative catalytic processes for utilising CO2 as a building block in chemical syntheses BMBF Project FKZ 033RC1004 Project Coordinator: Dr. Thomas Werner, Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. 1.12.1 Introduction The combustion of valuable fossil resources and the clearing of huge areas of forested land have led to a significant rise in emissions of the greenhouse gas CO2 and to its accumulation in the atmosphere. The globally averaged concentration of CO2 reached the 400 ppm mark for the first time in 2015. Global climate change is closely linked to the emissions of anthropogenic greenhouse gases, with emissions of carbon dioxide making up by far the largest part (78 %). The UN Climate Conference 2015 in Paris adopted the resolution to limit the global temperature rise in this century to well below 2 degrees above pre-industrial levels. This, however, will require a drastic reduction in CO2 emissions. While preventing emissions of carbon dioxide generally has top priority, the use of CO2 as a feedstock for the chemical in- dustry is particularly interesting as CO2 represents a cheap and essentially unlimited supply of carbon. Using CO2 as a feedstock material will also ex- pand the resource base of the chemical industry. For these reasons, utilising CO2 as a cost-effective C1 building block has be- come the subject of increased academic and industrial research over the last few years. In view of the high inherent stability of CO2, converting it to more valuable products is a significant challenge. A key technology to solving this problem is catalysis. Significant progress has been made in this area thanks to the research and development programme ‘Technologies for Sustainabil- ity and Climate Protection – Chemical Processes and Use of CO2’ funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). If CO2 is to be utilised chemically, it makes sense to adopt an approach in which it is converted to products in which carbon is in its highest oxidation state of +IV, as this would dispense with the need to introduce additional reducing agents (e.g. hydrogen). Two well known reactions, which were also studied in detail in the OrgKoKat project, are the addition of CO2 to epoxides and the copolymerisation of CO2 and epoxides to yield cyclic carbonates and 95PDF Image | Chemical Processes and Use of CO2
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