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2 CHEMICAL ENERGY STORAGE Redispatch costs for power plants Compensation Feed-in management (Costs for regulation of EEG plants) Total cost Year Fig. 59: Development of total costs for redispatch and feed-in management interventions. (Source: compiled by the authors using data from [19–29]) Figure 58 shows how redispatch interventions have grown in recent years by using the available data to plot the duration, cost and energy involved. As with feed-in management costs, redispatch costs also rose strongly in 2014 and 2015. The duration of redispatch measures and the quantities of energy involved follow the same trend. The rise in the total costs for redispatch and feed-in management interven- tions (see Figure 59) demonstrate the urgent need to create back-up measures and other flexibility options that can compensate for current insufficiencies in grid capacity. One way of achieving this is to use PtX technology to improve inter-sector coupling. If PtX systems with the capability of reducing grid loading by around 0.5 GW are installed and an annual capacity charge of € 2000 per kilowatt is assumed, cost savings totalling about €1 billion per year could be achieved in the electricity sector [30]. This would represent a 17-fold increase compared to current levels of PtX usage in Germany [7]. Germany could exploit this to maintain its technology leadership in PtX energy storage solutions and by developing sector coup- ling could also promote decarbonisation in all industrial sectors and thus help to achieve the country’s stated climate action targets. 2.1.4 Potential areas of application of power-to-X technology in sector coupling The many ways that power-to-X technology can be utilised indicate its ver- satility in delivering a fully renewables-based electricity sector. Of particular 122 Costs in Mio. €PDF Image | Chemical Processes and Use of CO2
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