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SUNFIRE FUNDED PROJECTS carried out to develop the two innovative components ‘High-temperature steam electrolysis (HTE)’ and ‘Reverse water-gas shift reactor (RWGS)’. At the same time, a life cycle assessment of the well-to-tank value chain was also compiled. The sunfire power-to-liquid process is explained in figure 64. The most important work carried out during the project is described in more detail below: a) Developing and testing the high-temperature steam electrolysis system (EIFER, Kerafol, sunfire, Fraunhofer ICT) Testing was conducted on cells, stacks and a pressure-driven system. Key areas included improving the electrodes of existing solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) to minimise electrode degradation so that they could also be used for electrolysis. Important milestones were the operation of a pressurised 10 kW HTE system for 200 hours and running a single cell for 20,000 hours. Additional tests were also carried out on cells and stacks operating in reversible mode (rSOC) and co-electrolysis mode.3 b) Development of the synthesis gas generation stage using RWGS (Bayreuth University, sunfire) The first stage involved the comprehensive characterisation of the reverse water-gas shift reaction in the lab. This was followed by the design and testing of the first reactor (RWGS 1.0). The results from the RWGS 1.0 test runs enabled a range of improvements to be identified (see below) leading to the reactor design RWGS 2.0. The behaviour and performance of the RWGS 2.0 reactor will be studied in a follow-up project. While the RWGS characterisation work was ongoing, a number of different Fischer-Tropsch catalysts were being tested. As Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is a mature technology (high TRL), the catalyst studies were predominantly of scientific relevance. c) Construction and operation of an industrial demonstration plant An industrial-scale plant (‘Fuel 1’) based on the process illustrated in Fi- gure 64 was erected at sunfire’s Dresden site. For logistical reasons, the capacity of the plant was restricted to one barrel (159 litres) per day. To take account of the fact that the TRL of the HTE was relatively low at the beginning of the project, the rated power of the HTE was restricted to 10 kW so that additional hydrogen was fed in from a separate tank. The 3 A number of the tests were not conducted within the project, but are mentioned here as they were carried out at the same time. 137PDF Image | Chemical Processes and Use of CO2
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