Chemical Processes and Use of CO2

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Chemical Processes and Use of CO2 ( chemical-processes-and-use-co2 )

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SEE FUNDED PROJECTS 2.4 SEE – Storage of electrical energy from renewable resources in the natural gas grid BMBF Project FKZ 033RC1010 Project Coordinator: Frank Graf, Felix Ortloff; DVGW-Forschungsstelle am Engler-Bunte-Institut des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie (KIT) Project Partner: DVGW-Forschungsstelle am Engler-Bunte-Institut des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie (KIT) (DVGW-EBI), Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme (ISE), Engler-Bunte- Institut, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT-EBI), Energie Baden-Württemberg AG (EnBW), H-TEC SYSTEMS GmbH (H-TEC), IoLiTec Ionic Liquids Technologies GmbH (IoLiTec), Outotec GmbH 2.4.1 Introduction The electrical energy generated by wind and solar power fluctuates signi- ficantly over time. As the amount of energy withdrawn from the grid must at all times balance the quantity of electricity being fed into the grid, the increasing use of renewable sources of energy is therefore driving the need for flexible solutions capable of storing and releasing large quantities of elec- trical energy. However, existing electricity storage options have insufficient capacity to meet the demand for medium-term to long-term storage of elec- trical energy. Germany has an excellent natural gas storage and distribution infrastruc- ture. The country’s pore and cavern storage facilities for natural gas have a working gas volume of approximately 23 billion m3, which is equivalent to about 275 TWhchem. For the purposes of comparison, the energy stora- ge capacity of pumped hydroelectric plants is about 0.04 TWhel. Additional storage facilities with a volume of 5 billion m3 are currently under construc- tion or at the planning stage. Even without taking the storage capacity of the natural gas grid into consideration, a storage capacity totalling around 330 TWhchem will then be available, which is roughly four times the total amount of electricity generated from wind power in 2015. The SEE research project ‘Storage of electrical energy from renewable re- sources in the natural gas grid – H2O electrolysis and synthesis’, which was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and ran from January 2011 until June 2014, developed a concept for the che- mical storage of the fluctuating levels of electricity generated by wind power and photovoltaic systems. This renewable electricity was used to synthesise substitute natural gas (SNG) from CO2 that could be fed into the natural gas network. 149

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