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IC4 FUNDED PROJECTS of the harmful greenhouse gas CO2 as a raw material for energy storage systems and as a source of carbon for the basic chemicals used in chemical production processes. The approach adopted is therefore to use CO2 as an energy storage vector. By chemically reducing CO2 to methane, CO2 emis- sion levels can be reduced significantly and the resulting product ‘synthet- ic natural gas’ (SNG) can be fed into the existing infrastructure for energy storage, distribution and use. The reduction process will, wherever possible, use hydrogen generated from renewable sources of energy. At present, the hydrogen generating systems are driven by otherwise unused peak electric power (from wind turbines) and by the surplus electric power arising from unmatched production and consumption levels (photovoltaic systems and conventional power plants). {This approach has the potential to sustainably reduce CO2 emissions, as the carbon serves as a continuously recyclable store for energy generated from renewable sources. If large volumes of CO2 are to be reintroduced into the chemical production cycle, an efficient carbon capture technology needs to be developed. This aspect was addressed in the subprojects ‘iC4: COOMem’ (separation of CO2 using membrane technology) and ‘iC4: AdCOO’ (separa- tion of CO2 using solid sorbents). The conversion of CO2 to methane was the subject of the ‘iC4: COOMeth’ subproject in which the partners TUM, EON, WACKER, Südchemie, MAN and Linde collaborated closely and where the expertise from the two chemical companies could be exploited for the de- velopment of new catalysts. In addition to making use of excess electrical energy from renewable energy sources, novel ground-breaking concepts needed to be developed if the project goals were to be achieved. The sub- project ‘iC4: PhotoCOO’ examined direct and indirect uses of solar power, drawing on new concepts in photocatalysis including the integrated pho- tocatalytic activation of CO2 and H2O to produce basic chemical building blocks used in the chemical industry. 2.5.2 Project description and results The goal of the AdCOO subproject was to develop novel CO2 separation technologies based on solid sorbents that could be used both for conventio- nal coal-fired power plants (post-combustion capture) and next-generation power plants (pre-combustion capture) and that would require significant- ly less energy than the wet scrubbing techniques currently used (post-com- bustion: typically using reactive amines; pre-combustion: using methanol or polyethylene glycol at low temperatures). Parallel studies were also carried out that were aimed at reducing energy consumption in aqueous systems by exploiting specific entropic affects as- 155PDF Image | Chemical Processes and Use of CO2
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