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Before the flue gas reaches the actual absorber unit, it passes through a pre-scrubber, i.e. an additional flue gas desulphurisation (FGD) unit, in which the gas stream, which has already been through the power plant’s own FGD system, is further purified to reduce the SO2/SO3 content to a permissible level (max. 10 mg SO2/m3). Without pre-scrubbing, the SO2/SO3 would che- mically bond to the absorbent, thereby degrading it. The flue gas cooler loca- ted between the pre-scrubber and the absorber column cools the gas stream to a temperature between 35 °C and 50 °C depending on the solvent used and the conditions prevailing in the absorber tower. A flue gas blower is also located in front of the absorber to compensate for the pressure drop within the absorber. The absorber column can be configured as a spray tower or as a packed tower. Flue gas desulphurisation is a well-established industrial process that has ge- nerated a considerable body of knowledge regarding the operation of spray towers. However, for the purposes of CO2 separation, the low CO2 absorption rate would require the use of very high spray towers. For this reason packed towers are generally preferred, with both structured packing or random pa- cking configurations in use. In both cases, the flue gas stream containing the CO2 flows upward through the column against a counter-current flow of the chemical absorber. The lean-loaded solvent absorbs CO2 from the gas stre- Fig. 82: Simplified P&ID of a CO2 absorber unit with a two-part absorber column with integrated intercooling CARBON CAPTURE Absorber and Desorber Flue gas conditioning 191PDF Image | Chemical Processes and Use of CO2
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