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Depending on their vapour pressures, the amine absorbents will also be pres- ent in the flue gas stream at the head of the desorber. To prevent them being emitted from the tower, the head of the column is fitted with an additional scrubber unit. After passing through this final scrubber unit, the purity of the CO2 stream is between 95% and 99.99% depending on process conditions. Solvent flow rate The solvent flow rate plays a key role in carbon capture by chemical absorp- tion while also being very simple to influence and optimise. It directly de- termines the energy consumption of the desorber reboiler, which increas- es with increasing mass flow. Mass balance considerations in the solvent stream also determine the difference in concentration between the ‘lean loading’ and the ‘rich loading’ states. For a constant degree of CO2 absorption in the absorption tower, reducing the solvent flow rate in the desorber will result in greater desorption (stripping) of CO2 and a leaner capture solvent leaving the desorber. For a given solvent, a constant CO2 capture rate (usually assumed to be 90%) and otherwise constant process conditions, the solvent flow rate can be varied and the energy demand adjusted accordingly to find the energetic minimum. There are numerous additional parameters that affect process performance, including: • solvent stability and resistance to corrosion • thermal degradation • oxidative degradation • reaction with inorganic and organic acids • irreversible side reactions with CO2 • corrosion of plant equipment. CARBON CAPTURE 195PDF Image | Chemical Processes and Use of CO2
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