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EFFICO2 FUNDED PROJECTS 3.2.2 Project description The goal of the collaborative project was to study novel, universally applica- ble solvents to identify improvements that would make solvent-based car- bon capture technology less energy and resource intensive. The core objec- tives were: • Improving the efficacy and the stability of the solvents • Reducing the amounts of solvent used • Reducing the energy needed to regenerate the solvent. Promising candidate solvents from a variety of substance classes were speci- fically synthesised for study and further development. To achieve a wide but detailed evaluation of potential solvents, the substance classes studied in- cluded amines, amino acids and ionic liquids. An examination of the under- lying chemical absorption mechanism enabled the development of specially tailored solvents by targeted chemical modification of candidate substances. Once particularly promising solvents had been identified, efficient synthetic routes were derived. The structures were then screened against exclusion criteria, such as toxicity, price and CO2 loading capacity, and the most fa- vourable candidates were then subjected to comprehensive experimental evaluation on the basis of the criteria set out in the technical requirements document. In order to study the action of the solvents in a real flue gas en- vironment, a pilot carbon capture unit was installed at the base of the chim- ney in the Herne power plant in Germany. Process simulation techniques were used to model the entire process and to combine the results from the lab evaluation studies and from the experiments conducted with the pilot plant. The process model was then used to assess the cost-efficiency of the overall process. Factors included in the assessment were the expected pro- cess costs, the dimensions of the carbon capture apparatus and the associa- ted capital investment cots. Finally, life cycle assessments were compiled for the most promising solvents. 3.2.3 Results During the EffiCO2 project, carbon capture solvents were developed and then tested in the laboratory in a real flue gas environment. The resulting solvents exhibited definite advantages compared with the solvents currently in use. By simulating the entire carbon capture process, the economic and environmental impact of using these solvents to absorb carbon dioxide in the power plant sector could be evaluated. This enabled information to be 201PDF Image | Chemical Processes and Use of CO2
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