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ABWÄRME FUNDED PROJECTS 3.5 Abwärme – Using low-temperature waste heat to drive absorption refrigerators and absorption heat transformers – Novel refrigerant-absorbent pairs BMBF Project FKZ 033RC1017 Project Coordinator: Nina Merkel, KIT Project Partner: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Technische Thermodynamik und Kältetechnik (ITTK), BASF SE; API Schmidt-Bretten GmbH, Ionic Liquids Technologies GmbH (IoLiTec) 3.5.1 Introduction Industrial waste heat streams with temperatures in the range 80–120 °C are typically unused and simply dissipate their energy to the environment, but these streams of low-grade heat offer significant potential for reducing pri- mary energy consumption. In this project, work was carried out to exam- ine the use of waste heat to drive absorption cycles involving novel pairs of working fluids, particularly those with ionic liquids. The absorption cy- cles used in these studies were those found in absorption chillers (ACs), al- so known as absorption refrigeration devices and in absorption heat trans- formers (AHTs). The focus was on the waste heat streams with a useful heat flow above 10 MW that are typically found in many branches of industry. Heat transformation is the process by which the temperature of a portion of the available waste heat (30–40%) is increased without any appreciable consumption of additional primary energy (or exergy) thus enabling, for instance, steam to be generated, which is then either fed into an existing steam network or used directly in a suitable production process. Although heat transformation has been recognised for some time as a thermodynam- ically attractive means of saving energy [1, 2], up until now only a few in- dustrial-scale systems have been built. There are two main reasons for this: Most of the plants built in the 1980s with power ratings in the range 50 kW to 11 MW were not economically viable enough under the energy market conditions prevailing at that time. The refrigerant-absorbent pair LiBr–H2O, which was used almost exclusively at the time, caused corrosion damage and led to substantial operational problems. Other pairs of working fluids have so far failed to become established [3]. 217PDF Image | Chemical Processes and Use of CO2
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