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LICIL FUNDED PROJECTS ly valuable commercial use of lignin would become possible if it could be transformed into carbon fibres for use in lightweight engineering construc- tion (airplane parts, wind turbine rotor blades) or as corrosion-free substi- tute for steel in reinforced concrete parts. Lignin can also function as the polyol component in the manufacture of polyurethane foams. It is also con- ceivable that lignin could be used as an energy storage medium. Novel ionic liquids known as RIBILs (Reactive Iminium-Salt-Based Ionic Liquids) – alkoxymethyleniminium salts 1 – were selected as the pulping medium as they dissolve lignin and hemicellulose but not cellulose [18] and were therefore suitable for the following pulping concept. The wood chips or wood flour are heated in an ionic liquid (e.g. 2–6) to a temperature of about 80 °C and the suspension stirred. The undissolved cellulose is separated. A suitable solvent is then added to the ionic liquid, which contains the dis- solved lignin and hemicellulose, to precipitate the lignin and then extract it by filtration. The hemicellulose is then recovered from the filtrate. The ionic liquids should be capable of being reused multiple times and should be recyclable. As the iminium salt solutions containing the lignin and hemicellulose are very viscous, separating the cellulose from the solution by filtration proved very tedious. If IL compounds of type 1 are used for pulping, addition of a co-solvent such as ethylene glycol, methyl glycol or tetrahydrofurfuryl alco- hol enables filtration to be carried out without difficulty, though the degree of delignification is reduced. The delignification capacity of pulping sys- tems using an ionic liquid of type 1 and an organic co-solvent increases wi- th rising temperature (>80 °C), as was demonstrated using a pulping system comprising the IL 7 and methyl glycol (x = 2 : 108). For toxicological reasons, the pulping capacity of hydroxymethyleniminium salts such as 8 and 9 was examined, because at temperatures above 100 °C, 237PDF Image | Chemical Processes and Use of CO2
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