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3 ENERGY-EFFICIENT PROCESSES MIXED-MATRIX-MEMBRANES 3.9.2 Project description To achieve the project’s objective, a research consortium was established comprising the Department of Process Engineering at the Technical Uni- versity of Berlin, the Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG), Sterling Indus- try Consult GmbH/Flowserve SIHI Pumps and Blücher GmbH. The project work packages were: membrane development; materials characterisation; pilot-scale studies and module assembly, modelling and simulation studies; economic feasibility analyses and life cycle analysis. The separation layer of the multilayer composite membranes was composed of PDMS and POMS as the polymer matrix materials and activated carbon as the dispersed inorganic filler. The polymers were dissolved in toluene or isooctane and mixed with a suitable cross-linker [3]. The activated carbon (AC) was supplied in spherical form by Blücher GmbH. It was based on a polymer material and exhibited a reproducible pore size distribution and porosity. The AC was ground in order to meet the requirements of the MMM production process. Both 1.5 μm and 3.5 μm mill fractions were used to fa- bricate the MMM. They were mixed with the polymer solutions and then uniformly dispersed by ultrasound irradiation so that no agglomerates for- med. Another key feature of the manufacturing process was that the pore system of the AC was impregnated with a suitable solvent system prior to being mixed with the polymer solution in order to prevent pore blockage during membrane production. The coating solution was applied to a mul- tilayer support structure comprising polyester fleece, asymmetric porous polyacrylonitrile membrane and a drainage layer made of PDMS. Once the MMM layer had been applied, the membrane was sealed with another lay- er of PDMS. Subsequent heat treatment was used to evaporate the solvent and facilitate polymer cross-linking. Figure 96 shows the manufacture of a Fig. 96: Applying the AC/POMS coating solution to the support structure; (b) the MMM after cross-linking 244PDF Image | Chemical Processes and Use of CO2
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