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Additional assistance is sometimes available in the guidance and method- ological proposals issued by industrial stakeholders or can be found in cur- rent academic publications in the field. Given the complex nature of the sys- tems studied, these publications typically do not represent a consensus of expert opinion but they can provide useful input in helping to develop a consensus in future. This report is designed to be a practical guide that brings together accepted rules and principles and any amendments deemed appropriate and neces- sary thus establishing a transparent and reliable basis for life cycle invento- ry (LCI) analysis and evaluation. Case studies are frequently referenced to demonstrate and illustrate the concepts being presented. A word or two first about the terminology used. The field is already awash with numerous terms and acronyms, some of which are regarded as synon- ymous or that overlap one another in terms of meaning. The assumption that the utilisation of CO2 as a raw material is primarily a means of chemi- cally storing excess electricity has led to widespread use of the terms ‘pow- er-to-liquid‘ (PtL) and ‘power-to-gas’ (PtG). The more general catchall abbre- viation PtX has also been introduced. When the focus is on capturing CO2 for chemical conversion, the abbreviations most commonly seen are: CCU, which stands for ‘carbon capture and use’ (or ‘utilisation’) and CCR, which stands for ‘carbon capture and replacement’ (or ‘recycling’). The two abbre- viations are understood to mean essentially the same thing and are synony- mous with the abbreviation CDU (‘carbon dioxide use’), which has also been used by some authors. For the sake of simplicity, the abbreviation CCU will be used in this report to refer to any system or technology in which CO2 is separated from an industrial or energy-related source and used in the syn- thesis of new products. It therefore covers the use of CO2 for the production of fuels and chemical feedstocks. 4.2 Special features of carbon accounting in carbon capture and utilisation systems What is it about CCU technology that makes computing a carbon footprint so complicated? At first glance, we are dealing with a life cycle like any other. Raw materials are processed into a product by consuming energy and other input materials, the product is then used for its intended purpose, eventually reaching the end of its service life. This is the general description of a life cy- cle analysis (LCA) and provides an established framework for modelling the life cycle inventory (LCI) data. There are, however, always difficult detailed questions to answer, but this is common to most LCAs. The aim of this report Terminology METHODOLOGICAL GUIDANCE 281PDF Image | Chemical Processes and Use of CO2
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