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4 METHODOLOGICAL GUIDANCE Fig. 129: Sankey diagram of a scenario involving the generation of thermal and electrical energy by utilising CO2 from power plant flue gases to produce methanol The issue here is not deciding what is methodologically right or wrong, but preventing a situation in which both systems include the carbon sink in their carbon inventories. 4.4.4 Putting the three building blocks together To compile a carbon inventory for a CCU system, the fundamental building blocks discussed above need to be brought together. This will be demonstra- ted using a simplified sample calculation described below and illustrated in Figure 129 and Figure 130. Figure 129 and Figure 130 offer a means of comparing two systems that pro- duce the same amount of thermal energy in the form of a transport fuel (20 MJ methanol or petrol) and the same amount of electrical energy (13.4 MJ). The baseline scenario in Figure 130, which is a reasonable reflection of the situation today, involves the production of petrol from crude oil (15 g CO2-eq. per kg of petrol supplied) and its subsequent combustion in a mo- tor vehicle (90 kg CO2-eq. per GJ NCV) and the simultaneous generation of electricity in a gas-fired power plant (electric efficiency: 50%, NCV natural gas: 45 MJ/kg). In the other scenario shown in Figure 129, electricity is al- so generated from natural gas, but in this case the CO2 formed is captured (capture efficiency: 100%; energy requirements for capture process: 2.5 MJ/ kg CO ; power plant efficiency: 42%). The captured CO then reacts with hy- 22 drogen to produce synthesis gas (a CO/H2 mix) that is subsequently convert- ed to methanol (with process-related losses of CO2). The methanol is com- busted in motor vehicles (1.4 kg CO2-eq. per kg methanol). As methanol has Natural gas: 0.70 kg Power plant with CO2-capture Synthesis gas: 1.30 kg Water: 0.70 kg Methanol synthesis 0.20 kg (th./el.) CO2 Product: 1.90 kg H2: 0.24 kg Sum CO2 2.34 kg 0.41 kg 1.38 kg MeOH combustion 13.4 MJ Energy, electrical Water electrolysis 36.0 MJ Renewable electricity 20.0 MJ Energy, thermic Energy 0.12 kg Syngas production Energy (th./el.) 0.14 kg Methanol: 1.00 kg 320PDF Image | Chemical Processes and Use of CO2
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