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Fu et al. In situ Catalytic Transformation SCHEME 7 | CO2 capture and Ru promoted CO2 adducts hydrogenation. et al., 2017). The reason is that NHCs and NHOs are sensitive to air and moisture thus they cannot be used as absorbents for CO2 in air and industry exhaust. Nowadays, it is found that the imidazolium ionic liquids containing basic anion can absorb CO2, producing imidazolium carboxylates (Gurau et al., 2011; Wang and Wang, 2016). Considering the imidazolium ionic liquids are stable to air and moisture, it opens a new way for the utilization of NHC-CO2 and NHO-CO2 complexes in CCU strategy. IONIC LIQUIDS (ILS) Ionic liquids (ILs) offer a new opportunity for developing novel CO2 capture reagents (Huang and Rüther, 2009; Gurkan et al., 2010; Wang et al., 2011; Yang and He, 2014). Especially, the active site-containing ionic liquids can trap and activate CO2 through chemical absorption. Besides, IL can also function as catalyst in CO2 transformation (Lang et al., 2016; Zhang et al., 2017; Xia et al., 2018). Therefore, it is promising to combine the multiple roles of ILs in CCU strategy. Up to now, cyclocarbonates, oxazolidinones and quinazoline-2,4-(1H,3H)-diones have been synthesized using ILs as CO2 absorbents and catalysts. Wang group performs a series of investigation on ILs- based CO2 capture and conversion. For example, they design bifunctionalized ionic liquids to capture and simultaneously fix CO2 in the simulation of fuel gas to cyclic carbonates (Scheme 11) (Luo et al., 2016). The cation can capture CO2 and the anion I− can activate the substrate to facilitate CO2 insertion. In the presence of a small amount of water, the yield of product can be improved, making this reaction more applicable to industrial exhaust. Later, the same group finds that the basicity of anion of ILs is very important for CO2 capture and transformation. A hydroxyl functionalized aprotic ionic liquid shows high efficiency in synthesis of quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H) -diones from atmospheric CO2. The captured CO2 instead of atmospheric CO2 is also used and only 13% yield is obtained, being ascribed to the strong interaction between [Im]− and CO2 (Scheme 11) (Shi et al., 2018). They also demonstrates the feasibility of using captured CO2 as starting material in their another report, where the CO2 captured by azole-type anion [DEIm]− renders a high Frontiers in Chemistry | www.frontiersin.org 8 July 2019 | Volume 7 | Article 525PDF Image | CO2 Capture and in situ Catalytic Transformation
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