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Fu et al. In situ Catalytic Transformation SCHEME 6 | CO2 capture and Rh promoted CO2 adducts hydrogenation. 2015a,b). However, the results of Jessop group show that [DBUH][OC(O)OMe] salt is less active than free CO2 when using RuCl(O2 CMe)(PMe3 )4 as catalyst in MeOH solution (Munshi et al., 2002). Thus, the relationship between the activity of CO2 capture products and the catalyst is still underdeveloped. N-HETEROCYCLIC CARBENES AND N-HETEROCYCLIC OLEFINS cyclohexanone, benzylcyanide, and propargyl alcohols) can also be carboxylated with these CO2-transfer agents for the synthesis of carboxylates of pharmaceutical interest (Tommasi and Sorrentino, 2005, 2006, 2009) (Scheme 10). Similarly, the transcarboxylation of IPrCO2 (1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)- imidazolum-2-carboxylate) to acetophenone with NaBPh4 to yield sodium benzoylacetate and direct dicarboxylation of MeCN using It BuCO2 (1,3-bis(tert-butyl)-imidazolium-2-carboxylate) are also reported (Van Ausdall et al., 2011) (Scheme 10). The transcarboxylation capacity of NHOs-CO2 adducts has also been verified by 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium-2- methylenecarboxylate through realizing the C-C coupling of CO2 and MeCN (Scheme10) (Finger et al., 2016). In this transcarboxylation process, the basicity of NHOs should be strong enough to abstract proton from the CH acid. As highly efficient carboxylating agents, the NHC-CO2 and NHO-CO2 complexes can be easily obtained by reacting NHCs or NHOs with atmospheric CO2. However, instead of serving as absorbent, NHCs and NHOs are usually used as catalysts to promote the conversion of pure CO2 by forming transient NHC-CO2 and NHO-CO2 complexes (Kayaki et al., 2009; Zhou It has been verified that N -heterocyclic carbenes and heterocyclic olefins can react with CO2, forming the CO2 adduct which can be used as “all-in-one” carboxylating agent (Zhou et al., 2008; Kelemen et al., 2014; Dong et al., 2015; Talapaneni et al., 2015; Finger et al., 2016; Saptal and Bhanage, 2016). For example, Tommasi group shows the CO2 adduct 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium-2-carboxylate and 1,3-dimethylimidazolium-2-carboxylate behaves as active CO2 - carriers and reacted with CH3OH and acetophenone for the synthesis of methylcarbonate and benzoylacetate. The other organic compounds with active hydrogen (acetone, N - Frontiers in Chemistry | www.frontiersin.org 7 July 2019 | Volume 7 | Article 525PDF Image | CO2 Capture and in situ Catalytic Transformation
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