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1.1 Background 1 Introduction CO2 emission has been recognized as an important contributing factor to global warming and climate change. It has been perceived that there may be a rise of 1.9-3.5 °C in the global temperature by the year 2100 and an increase in mean sea level of 18-30 cm, which accompanies many anticipated distresses [1]. Thus, CO2 emission has to be controlled and reduced [2-4]. CO2 separation is considered as one of the most promising way to mitigate CO2 emission. For example, separating CO2 from the flue gas produced in the fossil-fuelled power station and from the lime gas in the lime industry. Biomass has been recognized as a new renewable energy and CO2 separation is an important step in biomass-related process in order to obtain products and improve the efficiency of the subsequent processes [5, 6]. For example, CO2 needs to be separated from the raw biogas, and then the high purified methane can be used as the substitute of natural gas and the sources to produce chemicals [7]; in production of synthetic hydrocarbons with Fischer-Tropsch technology, the inert CO2 needs to be removed to increase the efficiency and selectivity of C5+ [8]; in methanol production, CO2 is separated to obtain a favourable ratio of the gas mixture in order to increase the production yield [9]; and in hydrogen production, CO2 is separated to purify hydrogen [10]. 1.2 CO2 separation technologies CO2 separation is a critical step in order to reduce the CO2 emissions and increase the energy efficiency and product yield in bio-fuel production. A number of CO2 separation technologies are being investigated, such as chemical absorption, physical absorption and membrane separation [11], but few of them have achieved industrial application. The high energy demand and high capital cost slow down the development of fully integrated commercial CO2 separation process. The energy demand can be decreased by increasing the 1PDF Image | CO2 Separation with Ionic Liquids
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