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separation efficiency, and the enhanced separation efficiency will decrease the capital cost of the process. The amine-based system is a popular chemical solvent to separate CO2. The aqueous amine-based solvents are used to remove acid gas through acid-base reactions and reversible formation of soluble salt species. This technology has been used and applied in the chemical and oil industries for over 60 years. The amine-based technology has been further improved and achieved commercialization, for example, the BASF’s activated MDEA process. However, the cost of this technology is still high, especially for the gas streams with high acid gas content, combining with deficiencies of volatility, degradation, and corrosion. The cost of CO2 separation using amine-based technology is in the range of $50 to $100 per ton carbon, which is much too high for most of applications [12]. Besides chemical absorbents, the physical absorbents are developed for CO2 separation. The widely-used physical solvents for CO2 separation are cold methanol, dimethyl ether of polyethelene glycol (selexol) and propylene carbonate. In general, the physical absorbents are chosen to separate CO2 from the gas streams with high CO2 partial pressure. The solvent regeneration can be performed by releasing the pressure, resulting in a lower energy demand. However, there are several drawbacks for physical solvents, such as low CO2 absorption capacity, low CO2 selectivity, as well as high capital and operating costs [13]. High pressure water scrubbing is used to separate CO2 based on physical absorption. This technology has been developed, implemented and commercialized in the European countries. For example, the company Malmberg in Sweden has delivered almost 100 water scrubbing units in Europe and China [14]. The main deficiency of this technology is the low absorption capacity of CO2, resulting in large amount of water and high capital cost of the process [15]. Membrane can be used to separate CO2 because of the variety of driving forces between gases and membranes, which allowing one component in a mixture to permeate the membrane and hindering the other components. Gas permeability and membrane selectivity are two key parameters for the membrane separation process. The multi-stage membranes are always necessary in order to achieve high degree of separation, which increases the manufacture and capital cost [16]. 2PDF Image | CO2 Separation with Ionic Liquids
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