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Yujiao Xie/ Energy Procedia 00 (2016) 000–000 5 of upgrading technique as well as feed rate and type of substrate from six selected industrial AD processes. The data shows that the CH4 content from co-digestion plant varies between 61-69%, which is, among other things, due to the higher lipid content in food waste compared to that in ethanol stillage (50% CH4 content) [14]. As can be expected, the larger the process, the higher the feed rate, also resulting in a higher raw-gas flow rate but there is no correlation between the amount of gas produced for upgrading and the energy usage. Not all produced biogas is upgraded, some is flared and some is used internally within the plant. The energy efficiency of the simulated case with IL-based technology was about 70% lower than the average industrial data on water scrubber upgrading facilities (0.44±0.25 kWh/Nm3). The simulated result for water scrubbing was within the error bars of the data from the water scrubbing at the industrial plants. Overall, the results indicates that aqueous [Amim][HCOO] scrubbing can have a positive effect on the energy balance from biogas production for vehicle fuels or for injection in the gas grid. However, it should be mentioned that the data from the industrial plants contains energy losses that are not included in the simulation. It should also be noted that there are some uncertainties in the collected data regarding how the data is measured and what limitations are set when reporting the data. Table 2. Industrial data on gas composition, gas flow rate, energy usage of upgrading, type of upgrading as well as feed rate and type of substrate from six selected representative industrial sites in Sweden and Norway. The data represent the year 2015 except for plant C which represents data from 2014. AD process Co-digestion Feed rate to digester ton/year Raw gas flow rate Nm3/year Raw gas flow rate for upgrading1 Nm3/year CH4 Energy content usage of upgrading4 %vol kWh/Nm3 Upgrading technology Aqueous [Amim][HCOO] upgrading kWh/Nm3 D 48 000 E 48 000 F 29 000 4 840 000 3 730 000 2 327 000 4 650 000 1 660 000 777 000 63 0.29 63 0.21 69 0.58 3 860 0002 A B C1200009930000-66- - - 34 000 28 000 2 180 000 2 460 000 63 0.25 0.13 0.14 Water scrubbing 0.13 Membrane separation 0.14 Water scrubbing 0.13 3 bb 440 000 61 0.88 Water scrubbing 1Some gas is flared or used internally at the AD plant for warming of buildings etc. 2In this case, gas is added from the wastewater treatment plant 3The upgrading plant is running at half speed 4The total yearly energy usage of the upgrading process is divided by the amount of raw gas treated, i.e. minus the flared or internally used gas Fig. 2. Effect of methane content in raw biogas (a) and raw biogas flow rate (b) on the energy usage. Water scrubbingPDF Image | CO2 Separation with Ionic Liquids
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