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Besides biofuels, industrial biotechnology can contribute to climate change mitigation through diverse products in the plastics and chemicals sectors. These products are less controversial, some are closer to market than second generation biofuels, and yet do not enjoy the wealth of supportive supply and demand policies as seen with biofuels. Several sources predict that biobased chemicals could in the near future occupy a much larger market share than at present. As befits the remarkable biodiversity of microorganisms, the diversity of potential biobased chemicals is wide. In many cases, organic chemistry has no feasible replacement; in other cases, biobased chemicals can replace their fossil-based counterparts with significant GHG emissions reductions. Plastics from fossil fuels have grown faster than any other group of bulk materials for several decades. By 2100, a predicted 1 billion tonnes annual plastics demand would require 25% of current oil production. Biobased plastics are potentially attractive in terms of specific emissions and energy savings. In recent years biobased plastics have been developed for increasing types of applications, way beyond simple packaging applications as once envisaged. Estimates of total technical substitution potential for petro- with bio- plastics is 33-90% and yet global bioplastics consumption is a mere 0.4% of total plastics. As biobased plastics become proven in GHG emissions reductions, they should become an obvious target for supportive policy. This paper explores the potential role of industrial biotechnology in the biobased economy. Along the way it examines emerging trends, the impact of innovation, the convergence of technologies, and goes on to identify the challenges involved. It concludes with a need for an integrated and strategic approach to allow industrial biotechnology to fulfil its potential as a force for good, not a panacea, in the struggle with climate change. Industrial biotechnology has suffered a lack of investment at all levels, and there is a serious mismatch between future expectations of this industry and this low level of investment. Policy intervention is seen to be required across three broad criteria – social/ environmental, industrial performance and economical. To make this all happen requires not only national but international policy in a rapidly globalising world. INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND CLIMATE CHANGE: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES – © OECD 2011 5PDF Image | Industrial Biotechnology and Climate Change
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