Industrial Biotechnology and Climate Change

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Industrial Biotechnology and Climate Change ( industrial-biotechnology-and-climate-change )

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The value of biochemicals (other than pharmaceuticals) could increase from 1.8% of all chemical production in 2005 to between 12% and 20% by 2015, and biofuel production could partly shift from starch-based bioethanol to higher energy density fuels manufactured from sugar cane, algae or to cellulosic ethanol from lignocellulosic feedstock such as straw, grasses and wood.6 In addition, significant growth in the biobased polymers sector will result from the development of new polymers with new properties, greater incentives to reduce costs through the use of renewable materials, and increasing regulatory pressure to reduce carbon footprint (for example for packaging applications). In addition, enzymes will be used increasingly in a growing range of applications, due to improvements and advantages, particularly in the food, cosmetic and textile industries, in line with customer requirements and stricter environmental regulations. Technological progress in industrial biotechnology: Greening the economy Current trends in technology applications7 Industrial biotechnology has been established for decades in the production of biofuels, biochemicals for the pharmaceutical markets, food and feed, fine chemicals, detergents and hygiene products. Bioethanol production is increasing for biofuel, with world-wide annual growth rates of more than 10%. The United States has overtaken Brazil as the world leading bioethanol producer since 2008 due to a strategic desire to achieve energy independence. Europe is lagging behind these developments. Biopolymers (e.g. poly-lactic acid, PLA) are emerging products with diversifying applications. The global annual sales volume of products produced by industrial biotechnology is about EUR 2.535 billion (2008)8 — equivalent to 6% of the worldwide chemical sales. Most of these established products are available only through biotechnological processes because chemical synthesis offers no alternative. Emerging trends9 Chemical or biochemical products obtained using biotechnological processes need not only to be developed but their quality, production capacity and share of the market have to be assured and improved. Certain building block (platform) INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND CLIMATE CHANGE: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES – © OECD 2011 9

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