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chemicals derived from sugar sources may potentially replace petrochemical building blocks; this means the development of biotechnological platform intermediates based on renewable carbon sources as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1. Biological intermediates substituting petrochemical building blocks Source: Adapted from M. Kircher, OECD Workshop on “Outlook on Industrial Biotechnology”, 2010. Future synthesis of polyesters and biobased biodegradable polymers may be achieved by using building blocks such as fumaric, succinic or malic acid, among others, which are used at present in the food industry. Ethanol and succinate are good examples of precursors which, after they are fermented, isolated and purified, may enter into synthetic processes to be transformed into ethylene and subsequently polyethylene products, and polyesters, polyurethanes and polyamides, respectively. Thus the combination of biotechnological and chemical technologies may be critical in the future. When and if these biotechnology processes and applications become more economically and environmentally sustainable, the industrial relevance of biotechnology will change dramatically. This development opens not only a potentially broad field of new applications, but would also require a combination of biology and clean chemistry processes. For example, one area of great interest currently is the field of biopolymers. 10 INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND CLIMATE CHANGE: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES – © OECD 2011PDF Image | Industrial Biotechnology and Climate Change
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