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The assumption needs to be proven on a case-by-case basis, using techniques such as life cycle analysis and carbon footprint testing. To produce such proof requires standardisation of techniques used. To create a globalised industrial biotechnology industry requires harmonisation of those techniques to prevent trade barriers developing. Best practices are an essential prerequisite. Great care is required in determining what are the most useful sustainability indicators, and then making sure that there is great clarity in their application to prevent confusion. For example, when biodegradable plastics started entering the market, there were a series of misconceptions about the term degradable and biodegradable25 (Mohee et al., 2008). Designing appropriate labels, by conse- quence of such misconceptions, is therefore a complex problem. Industrial biotechnology has suffered a lack of investment at all levels e.g. R&D, demonstrator plants, full-scale process development, feedstock development, land use issues. There exists a serious mismatch between future expectations of this industry (high) and the level of investment (low). Part of the problem is the lack of visibility of a biobased product compared to, say a pharmaceutical product. It is difficult for industrialists, investors and the public to visualise industrial biotechnology products, and therefore to understand their benefits. Part of the policy mix therefore is communication and education. The stakes involved environmentally and financially are very high indeed. Industrial biotechnology offers the promise to be a force for good, not a panacea, in the on-going climate change struggle. Policy intervention is required across the three broad criteria — social/environmental, industrial performance and economical. To make this happen requires policy to be both national and international if industrial biotechnology is to fulfil its promise in a rapidly globalising world. 30 INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND CLIMATE CHANGE: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES – © OECD 2011PDF Image | Industrial Biotechnology and Climate Change
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