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Inorganics 2017, 5, 25 3 of 17 Inorganics 2017, 5, 25 3 of 17 Figure 2. Beneficial/detrimental effects of nanotech of electrode materials for Li-ion batteries. Figure 2. Beneficial/detrimental effects of nanotech of electrode materials for Li-ion batteries. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of the nanotechnology on the electrochemical properties of positive electrode materials for Li-ion batteries. First, a brief description of the The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of the nanotechnology on the electrochemical preparation methods shows the advantage of a green process in which the synthesis route uses single properties of positive electrode materials for Li-ion batteries. First, a brief description of the preparation and mixed chelators. The following section is devoted to the relationship between the nanostructure methods shows the advantage of a green process in which the synthesis route uses single and and nano-morphology of cathode material and their electrochemical performance. The different host mixed chelators. The following section is devoted to the relationship between the nanostructure lattices for lithium insertion include: the metal oxides V2O5, α-NaV2O5, α-MnO2, olivine LiFePO4, and and nano-morphology of cathode material and their electrochemical performance. The different host layered compounds LiNi0.55Co0.45O2, LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 and Li2MnO3. lattices for lithium insertion include: the metal oxides V2O5, α-NaV2O5, α-MnO2, olivine LiFePO4, and l2a.ySeyrnedthceosims opfoNunandosmLaiNteriialsCo O , LiNi Mn Co O and Li MnO . it enables the control of the morphology. 0.55 0.45 2 1/3 1/3 1/3 2 2 3 Many synthesis routes are currently used to produce nanostructured materials. The most 2. Synthesis of Nanomaterials successful techniques for the preparation of LiFePO4 nanopowders include wet-chemical methods: Msola–ngyels[y7n]tahnedsiscor-opuretceispitaarteioncu[r8r]enbtelcyausseedofttohepraocdceussciebinlitaynosftrcuhecatupreradwmmataeterriaialls..OTthermost techniques are hydrothermal route [9], template method [10] and mechanical activation [11] because successful techniques for the preparation of LiFePO4 nanopowders include wet-chemical methods: sol–gel [7] and co-precipitation [8] because of the accessibility of cheap raw materials. Other techniques The sol–gel technique consists in the formation of a solid phase via gelation of a colloidal are hydrothermal route [9], template method [10] and mechanical activation [11] because it enables the suspension, i.e. gel. Following the conversion of sol in gel, the polycrystalline material can be formed control of the morphology. via inorganic polymerization reactions in solution. Further drying of the gel provides “dry gel” The sol–gel technique consists in the formation of a solid phase via gelation of a colloidal (xerogel) state and subsequent heat treatment can be used to remove unreacted organic residues, suspension, i.e. gel. Following the conversion of sol in gel, the polycrystalline material can be stabilize the gel, make it denser and induce good crystallinity. The wet-chemical synthesis of formed via inorganic polymerization reactions in solution. Further drying of the gel provides “dry gel” transition-metal oxides for electrodes of lithium batteries leads to a high degree of homogeneity with (xeromgeinl)imstuamtepanrtdiclseusbizseiqnutehnetsuhbematictrroenartmanegne,thciagnh sbuerfuacseadretaoarnedmgovode sutonircehaiocmteedtroyrcgoanntrioclrdeuseidues, stabiltiozethethmeogleclu,lamramkiexinitgdoefnraswermaantderianlsd.uHcoewgeovoerd, icnrythsetaslolil–ngiteyl.meTthoedw, tehte-cheomiceicoaflcshyelnathoresis of often directly affects electrochemical properties of the products. Figure 3 shows the molecular scheme transition-metal oxides for electrodes of lithium batteries leads to a high degree of homogeneity of mixed chelators with different architectures, which belong to the class of bio-reagents. For with minimum particle size in the submicron range, high surface area and good stoichiometry control example, when only citric acid is used as chelating agent, some issues will appear in the process of due to the molecular mixing of raw materials. However, in the sol–gel method, the choice of chelators heat treatment due to the existence of segregation phenomenon in the precursors, such as too high often directly affects electrochemical properties of the products. Figure 3 shows the molecular scheme heating temperature, too long calcinating time and irregular morphology of the materials [12]. On a of mixed chelators with different architectures, which belong to the class of bio-reagents. For example, general basis, mixing different chelators (Figure 3b) improves the structural properties and when only citric acid is used as chelating agent, some issues will appear in the process of heat treatment correlatively the electrochemical properties. This is due to the fact that chelating a metal ion to create due to the existence of segregation phenomenon in the precursors, such as too high heating temperature, a neutral compound that is needed in the synthesis process. On the other hand, some chelates can be too lotonogsctablclein, partointegctiinmgethaenmdinirerreaglufrloamr mbeoinrgphcomlopglyexoedf twhiethmoathteriparlsec[u1r2s]o.rOelnemaegnetsnoefrathlebcaastihso,dmeixing differmenatecrhiaell.aTthoersco(Fmipgruormei3sbe)caimnpharordvleysbtehfeoustnrducwtuitrhaalspirnogplecrthielsataingdacgoernrte,lwathivileliytctahnebeeleocbttraoicnheedmical by mixing them to add their specific properties. Let us discuss the effect of the nature of the chelating properties. This is due to the fact that chelating a metal ion to create a neutral compound that is needed reagent on the synthesis of nanostructured α-MnO2 by wet-chemical techniques. in the synthesis process. On the other hand, some chelates can be too stable, protecting the mineral from being complexed with other precursor elements of the cathode material. The compromise can hardly be found with a single chelating agent, while it can be obtained by mixing them to add their specific properties. Let us discuss the effect of the nature of the chelating reagent on the synthesis of nanostructured α-MnO2 by wet-chemical techniques.PDF Image | Nanotechnology of Positive Electrodes for Li-Ion Batteries
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