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Molecules 2020, 25, 3653 5 of 23 catalytic mechanism or the entire reaction cycle can be explored in depth. Computational approaches provide a way for understanding the catalytic effects at the mesoscopic and micro level. The mechanism Molecules 2020, 25, x FOR PEER REVIEW 5 of 24 of photocatalytic CO2 reduction remains obscure and needs more in-depth investigations. In aaddititioionntotoinionrogragnainc ipchpohtoctaotcaaltyasltyss, tcse,rtcaeirntaoirngaonrigcapnhicotpohcaotaolcyastasliynsctlsudininclgudpoinrgphpyorirnp-hbyarsiend- pbhasoetdocapthaolytostcsatwaleyrsetsalswoeirnevoalsvoedininvoClvOedreinduCctOio2n.rePdourcptihoynr.inPaorephpylarinaramreacprloacnyacrlicmmacorloecyuclleisc 2 amnodlewcuidleeslyanddistwriibduetleyddinstrnibaututerde. inThnearteuraer.eTfhoeurre payrerrofoleusr cpoynrnroelcetsedcoinnreicntgedfaisnhiroingthfarsohuigohn ftohurorumghethfoyulernmeectahrybloense.caArlbson,sp.oArplshoy,rpinosrphayvreinhsighhavlyedheiglohclaylidzeldocπaleizlecdtrπonesletcotrfonrmstoafpolramnaar cpolnanjuagractoednjfurgamatedwofrakm. Tehwisorekn.dTohwis tehnedmowsiththsetmronwgitahbsotropntigonabinsothrpetvioisnibilne ltihgehtvriesigbiolenlaignhdturnegiqiuone ealnedctruoniiqcuredeolexctcrhoanriaccrterdiostxiccsh. aMraocrteorivsetirc,st.hMe NorHeopvreor,totnhse iNnsHideprtohteornisnginasrideeatshielyrdinegpraorteoneasteildy adnedprtohtoerneaftoerdeaenxdhitbhietrreefomraerekxahbilbeitcroeomrdairnkatbiolenccohoardrainctaetrioisnticshatroawctaerdistmicesttaolwioanrds.mFeotarleioxnasm.pFloer, cehxlaomroppleh,yclhllαoroispahyclolmαpisleaxcofmmplaegxnoefsimumagnaensdiupmorapnhdyrpionr,pahnydrinp,laynsdapnlaiymspaonrtiamnptorotalentinrollieghint cliagphttucrainpgtuarnindgHandOHo2xOidoaxtiodnati[o5n3][.53In].cIonrcpoorrpaotrioantioonf opfoproprhpyhryinrininitnotoMMOOFFcacannfufurrththeerriimprove its 2 photocatalytic performance. Wang et al. [54] synthesized an indium–porphyrin MOF framework (In(H2TCPP)(1‐n)[F[Fee(T(TCCPPP)()H(H2OO)])(]1‐n)[D[EDAE]A(1‐]n)(In(−IFne−nTFeCPTPC-PMPO-MF)OFb)ybyinicnocroproproartaintigngppoorrpphhyyrrinin into 2 (1-n) 2 (1-n) (1-n) n MOF.. Porphyriin riings iin the MOFs support the single-siitte iiron.. This can both support the iron center asacattallyttiiccaaccttiviveessitieteaannddababsosorbrbvivsisbilbeleliglihgthftofrohrihgihg-hp-eprfeorrfmoramnacneceoncovnervseirosnionf CofOCOto2 tCoOCdOudeutoe 2 thoethsyenseyrngetrigceetfficecetffbeectwbeetnwteheen ptohrepphoyrpinhyanridn tahnedhitghhe-pheigrfho-rpmerafnocremsaingcele-scinengtler-cFeencteartaFlyeticcatcaelnytteirc (cFeingtuere(F2)ig.ure2). Figure 2. Schematic illustration of the indium–porphyrin framework for CO2 conversion with high CO Figure 2. Schematic illustration of the indium–porphyrin framework for CO2 conversion with high selectivity [49]. CO selectivity [49]. Due to strong chemical bonds of CO2 molecules and complex transformation path involving Due to strong chemical bonds of CO2 molecules and complex transformation path involving multiple electrons [55,56], many problems in the CO2 photocatalytic conversion need to be resolved, multiple electrons [55,56], many problems in the CO2 photocatalytic conversion need to be resolved, such as low conversion efficiency, poor selectivity of products, competition for the generation of H2, such as low conversion efficiency, poor selectivity of products, competition for the generation of H2, and rapid recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes [57,58]. Furthermore, most commercial and rapid recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes [57,58]. Furthermore, most photocatalysts used for CO2 conversion contain toxic and expensive transition metal elements, resulting commercial photocatalysts used for CO2 conversion contain toxic and expensive transition metal in cost increase and waste disposal. Therefore, it is necessary to design and prepare new photocatalytic elements, resulting in cost increase and waste disposal. Therefore, it is necessary to design and materials that can effectively increase the activity, suppress competitive reactions, improve conversion prepare new photocatalytic materials that can effectively increase the activity, suppress competitive efficiency, and even develop a new CO2 catalytic reduction system. Researchers have shown that reactions, improve conversion efficiency, and even develop a new CO2 catalytic reduction system. electric field can effectively inhibit charge recombination [59], so electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 has Researchers have shown that electric field can effectively inhibit charge recombination [59], so been extensively studied. electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 has been extensively studied.PDF Image | Research Progress in Conversion of CO2 to Valuable Fuels
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