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Chapter 4 Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions 197 2Al+3I2 ⟶2AlI3 Figure 4.9 Aluminum and iodine react to produce aluminum iodide. The heat of the reaction vaporizes some of the solid iodine as a purple vapor. (credit: modification of work by Mark Ott) Solution Referring to the balanced chemical equation, the stoichiometric factor relating the two substances of interest is 3 mol I2 . The molar amount of iodine is derived by multiplying the provided molar amount of aluminum 2 mol Al by this factor: Check Your Learning mol I2 = 0.429 mol Al × 3 mol I2 = 0.644 mol I2 2 mol Al How many moles of Ca(OH)2 are required to react with 1.36 mol of H3PO4 to produce Ca3(PO4)2 according to the equation 3Ca(OH)2 + 2H3 PO4 ⟶ Ca3 (PO4)2 + 6H2 O? Answer: 2.04 mol Example 4.9 Number of Product Molecules Generated by a Reaction How many carbon dioxide molecules are produced when 0.75 mol of propane is combusted according to this equation? C3H8 +5O2 ⟶ 3CO2 +4H2O Solution The approach here is the same as for Example 4.8, though the absolute number of molecules is requested, not the number of moles of molecules. This will simply require use of the moles-to-numbers conversion factor, Avogadro’s number. The balanced equation shows that carbon dioxide is produced from propane in a 3:1 ratio: 3 mol CO2 1 mol C3 H8 Using this stoichiometric factor, the provided molar amount of propane, and Avogadro’s number,PDF Image | Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions
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