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198 Chapter 4 Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions 0.75 mol C3 H8 × 3 mol CO2 × 6.022 × 1023 CO2 molecules = 1.4 × 1024 CO2 molecules 1 mol C3 H8 mol CO2 Check Your Learning How many NH3 molecules are produced by the reaction of 4.0 mol of Ca(OH)2 according to the following equation: (NH4)2SO4+Ca(OH)2 ⟶2NH3+CaSO4+2H2O Answer: 4.8 × 1024 NH3 molecules These examples illustrate the ease with which the amounts of substances involved in a chemical reaction of known stoichiometry may be related. Directly measuring numbers of atoms and molecules is, however, not an easy task, and the practical application of stoichiometry requires that we use the more readily measured property of mass. Example 4.10 Relating Masses of Reactants and Products What mass of sodium hydroxide, NaOH, would be required to produce 16 g of the antacid milk of magnesia [magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)2] by the following reaction? MgCl2(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) ⟶ Mg(OH)2(s) + 2NaCl(aq) Solution The approach used previously in Example 4.8 and Example 4.9 is likewise used here; that is, we must derive an appropriate stoichiometric factor from the balanced chemical equation and use it to relate the amounts of the two substances of interest. In this case, however, masses (not molar amounts) are provided and requested, so additional steps of the sort learned in the previous chapter are required. The calculations required are outlined in this flowchart: 16 g Mg(OH)2 × 1 mol Mg(OH)2 × 2 mol NaOH × 40.0 g NaOH = 22 g NaOH 58.3 g Mg(OH)2 1 mol Mg(OH)2 mol NaOH Check Your Learning This content is available for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11760/1.9PDF Image | Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions
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