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226 Chapter 4 Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions (d) How many atoms of each remaining element would remain unreacted in the change described in (c)? 61. What is the limiting reactant in a reaction that produces sodium chloride from 8 g of sodium and 8 g of diatomic chlorine? 62. Which of the postulates of Dalton's atomic theory explains why we can calculate a theoretical yield for a chemical reaction? 63. A student isolated 25 g of a compound following a procedure that would theoretically yield 81 g. What was his percent yield? 64. A sample of 0.53 g of carbon dioxide was obtained by heating 1.31 g of calcium carbonate. What is the percent yield for this reaction? CaCO3(s) ⟶ CaO(s) + CO2(s) 65. Freon-12, CCl2F2, is prepared from CCl4 by reaction with HF. The other product of this reaction is HCl. Outline the steps needed to determine the percent yield of a reaction that produces 12.5 g of CCl2F2 from 32.9 g of CCl4. Freon-12 has been banned and is no longer used as a refrigerant because it catalyzes the decomposition of ozone and has a very long lifetime in the atmosphere. Determine the percent yield. 66. Citric acid, C6H8O7, a component of jams, jellies, and fruity soft drinks, is prepared industrially via fermentation of sucrose by the mold Aspergillus niger. The equation representing this reaction is C12H22O11 +H2O+3O2 ⟶ 2C6H8O7 +4H2O What mass of citric acid is produced from exactly 1 metric ton (1.000 × 103 kg) of sucrose if the yield is 92.30%? 67. Toluene, C6H5CH3, is oxidized by air under carefully controlled conditions to benzoic acid, C6H5CO2H, which is used to prepare the food preservative sodium benzoate, C6H5CO2Na. What is the percent yield of a reaction that converts 1.000 kg of toluene to 1.21 kg of benzoic acid? 2C6H5CH3 +3O2 ⟶ 2C6H5CO2H+2H2O 68. In a laboratory experiment, the reaction of 3.0 mol of H2 with 2.0 mol of I2 produced 1.0 mol of HI. Determine the theoretical yield in grams and the percent yield for this reaction. 69. Outline the steps needed to solve the following problem, then do the calculations. Ether, (C2H5)2O, which was originally used as an anesthetic but has been replaced by safer and more effective medications, is prepared by the reaction of ethanol with sulfuric acid. 2C2H5OH + H2SO4 ⟶ (C2H5)2 + H2SO4∙H2O What is the percent yield of ether if 1.17 L (d = 0.7134 g/mL) is isolated from the reaction of 1.500 L of C2H5OH (d = 0.7894 g/mL)? 70. Outline the steps needed to determine the limiting reactant when 30.0 g of propane, C3H8, is burned with 75.0 g of oxygen. percent yield = 0.8347 g × 100% = 87.6% 0.9525 g Determine the limiting reactant. 71. Outline the steps needed to determine the limiting reactant when 0.50 g of Cr and 0.75 g of H3PO4 react according to the following chemical equation? 2Cr+2H3PO4 ⟶2CrPO4+3H2 Determine the limiting reactant. This content is available for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11760/1.9PDF Image | Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions
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