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Introduction Jens K. Nørskov (Technical University of Denmark) Gabriele Centi (University of Messina) Ib Chorkendorff (Technical University of Denmark) Robert Schlo ̈gl (Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society) Bert Weckhuysen (Utrecht University) Guy Marin (Ghent University) Climate change makes it imperative that we discover alternatives to fossil resources for our energy and chemical needs. To avoid a 2 ◦C increase in average global temperature, the Paris Agreement has called for a net 80 to 95 percent reduction of EU emissions by 2050. Furthermore, the technolo- gies developed to meet this goal should align with and contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals put forward by the United Nations, such as ending poverty, ending hunger, providing clean and affordable energy to everyone, promoting sustainable industrialization, fostering innovation, and building resilient infrastructure. The production of fuels and chemicals from renewable sources has the potential not only to reduce CO2 emissions and meet emissions quotas, but also to do so sustainably and equitably. While electricity from solar cells and wind turbines is gradually becoming economically competitive [2], we must discover ways of stor- ing and transmitting the energy from these in- termittent sources to mitigate our dependence on fossil fuels and curb further climate change. Battery technology offers part of a solution, but it is not readily amenable to many activities currently supported by fossil fuels. Such ap- plications include large parts of the transport sector (e.g. air and long-distance transporta- tion), energy storage to overcome seasonal variations, and the transmission of large quantities of energy from one region to another. Synthetic fuels offer a promising alternative to fossil fuels as they have the highest energy density of all energy storage media (Figure 1), can be stored cheaply Figure 1: Volumetric and gravimetric energy densities of dif- ferent energy storage media. Reproduced from reference [1]. 1PDF Image | sustainable production of fuels and chemicals
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