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Section 2 Electrochemical CO2 reduction Marc Koper (Leiden University) Beatriz Roldan Cuenya (Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society) 2.1 Importance of subject The electrochemical conversion of CO2 to fuels and chemicals via renewable electricity is an at- tractive and sustainable alternative to the mass utilization of fossil resources. Such a process has the potential to drive the transition towards a new green economy based on a cyclic CO2- neutral production and utilization of fuels and chemicals (Figure 2.1). At the center of this cycle is the electrochemical CO2 reduction re- action (CO2 RR), which mimics photosynthesis but uses artificial materials and processes that allow for a more efficient large-scale implementation. This reaction provides a pathway for using intermittent, renewable electricity to produce fuels and chemicals. Operating at ambient temperatures and pressures, it is highly modular and easily scaled up through stacking, making it attractive for decentralized operation. Furthermore, CO2RR can be combined with a suitable non-sacrificial oxidation processes (“paired electrolysis”), so that further valuable products can be produced. The role of CO2RR in the bigger picture of a sustainable fuels and chemicals economy is illustrated in Figure 2.2. As shown, valuable multi-carbon fuels/chemicals can be produced either directly via CO2RR or by first generating chemical feedstocks via CO2RR (e.g. CO and formic acid) that are then fed into other electrochemical or thermal catalytic processes. There are thus important cross-cutting aspects relating CO2RR to its thermal counterpart (Section 3), syngas conversion 19 Figure 2.1: Electrochemical CO2RR powered by renewable sources. Reproduced with permission from [1].PDF Image | sustainable production of fuels and chemicals
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