PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 055
and increases energy demand, capital costs, and operation costs. In this regard, novel “water- free” approaches are needed, e.g. based on dimethyl ether and paraformaldehyde. Within a 5- year horizon, chain-length distribution of OME according to the Schulz–Flory estimate should be addressed, aiming to reduce separation of target products and recycling of co-products. Current results indicate that the equilibrium yield of OME3-5 could be overcome by insight-guided tailoring of pore structure and surface properties. On a 10-year horizon, replacing formaldehyde via direct CO/CO2 insertion into the growing OME chain should be addressed. 4.3.6 Higher alcohol synthesis Higher alcohols, including ethanol are used as fuel additives and platform chemicals. Catalysts explored for higher alcohols include Rh-based supported catalysts, metal sulfides or carbides, mod- ified FTS catalysts, and modified Cu-Zn based methanol synthesis catalysts [8]. The Rh-based catalysts (especially for ethanol) have been the state of the art, but significant challenges exist on a 5- and 10-year horizon. On the shorter timescale, selectivity and insufficiently fast rates are the key challenges, with methanol and light hydrocarbons being low-value byproducts. Also, the cost of Rh limits its wide-spread use and catalysts based on (combinations of) more abundant elements have to be discovered. The transition to less severe operating conditions (lower pressure and lower temperature) as mandated by decentralized processes represents the major challenge for the 10-year horizon. Such a radical transition will likely require insight into the molecular details of the process and the atomic details of the catalyst active sites. 4.3.7 Biochemical processes to convert syngas Biochemical processes to convert syngas into bulk energy carriers are relatively slow processes, albeit operating at much lower temperatures and pressures than the catalysts discussed above [9]. They possess advantages compared to metal catalysis due to their considerably higher tolerance against sulfur and nitrogen impurities and ability to be tailored for high selectivity. The first technical-scale syngas fermenters have been commercially deployed, receiving widespread acceptance, especially when combined with tandem process to produce jet fuel. Challenges on a 5- and 10-year horizon include the limited productivity due to the low solubility of the syngas in aqueous environments and the associated gas transfer limitations. As wild-type strains of the most popular acetogenic bacteria only produce acetate, ethanol, and some 2,3-butanediol (only a few strains also produce minor amounts of butyrate, butanol, caproate, and hexanol), engineering of the bacteria to produce specific chemicals is a key target. Likewise, catalytic tandem processes accessing not only ethanol but also its more oxidized forms, such as acetic acid, and easier separation of the aqueous phase product mixture are important targets. 45PDF Image | sustainable production of fuels and chemicals
PDF Search Title:
sustainable production of fuels and chemicalsOriginal File Name Searched:
Energy_X_Research-needs-report.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |