sustainable production of fuels and chemicals

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sustainable production of fuels and chemicals ( sustainable-production-fuels-and-chemicals )

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• Creating a governance structure that includes constant exchange between research institutions and industry while still allowing room for breakthrough innovation • Establishing efficient feedback channels between early-stage ideas and pilot-scale demonstra- tions • Defining test standards relevant for scale-up jointly by research institutions and industry • Identifying feasible pathways and potential pitfalls in perspective of scale-up and large-scale deployment of technologies together with all relevant industrial stakeholders The state of the art section above outlines early-stage ideas such as CO2 electroreduction to light organic compounds and hydrogen production. Specific objectives for these technologies include • Develop one electrochemical process for production of a light organic compound (e.g. methanol, ethanol, ethylene) to TRL 6 (5-15 kW stack level) within 5 years. • Develop industrially relevant multiscale modelling tools for cell and stack modeling within 5 years. • Develop one electrochemical process for production of a light organic compound (e.g. CO) to TRL 8-9 (1 MW capacity) for low volume commodity chemical applications within 10 years. • One of the presented new electrochemical processes achieves 10% global market share within 15 years. 9.3.2 Scaling up pilot-scale stacks and small-scale plants to industrial processes (TRL 5 to 9) The primary objective here is to identify the key performance criteria for industrial-scale deploy- ment even in absence of a clear, economically viable perspective at that stage. This requires instruments in place to facilitate scale-up, integration with upstream and downstream processes, and life-cycle/technoeconomic analyses. Cross-cutting goals include • Setting up feedback loop with lower TRL ideas • Creating innovation instruments such as testbeds that facilitate high-risk prototype testing and demonstrations by sharing the risk among public and private stakeholders Presently, the two most promising technologies at this stage of maturity are electrolysis of CO2 or CO2/water to either pure CO or syngas (CO/H2) at low temperatures using silver catalysts (10-15 kW, 1.5-3 Nm3/h demonstration plants) or at high temperatures (100 Nm3/h plants). The 96

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