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most promising short-term (5-10 year) application of these technologies are for the production of fine chemical precursors (c.a. 2000 Nm3/h or 22 kT/y of CO required). Due to the modularity of electrochemical processes, initial application to fine chemical production is a stepping stone for deployment alongside large-scale thermo-catalytic processes (order of 10,000-100,000 Nm3/h to or 100-1,000 kT CO/y). Specific goals for these technologies include • Demonstrating that the smallest repeat unit is scalable to 2,000 Nm3/h (∼22 kT CO/y) at TRL 8 and can be successfully integrated with downstream chemical conversion technologies within 5 years • Developing an industrial plant capable of electrochemically producing 2,000 Nm3/h of CO or syngas within 10 years 9.3.3 Integrating electrochemical hydrogen production with large-scale ther- mocatalytic processes The integration of sustainably produced hydrogen with large-scale thermocatalytic processes is already possible with known technology today. The key obstacle in making this a reality at the industrial scale is the cost of the electrochemically produced hydrogen. This is mainly driven by the high electricity price and the CAPEX of the electrochemical process, which is still orders of mag- nitude higher than for the competing thermochemical process (steam methane reforming). Figure 9.3 illustrates the key performance indicators (KPI) of AWE, PEMWE, and SOEC technologies. The specific KPIs that need improvement should be determined by performing a total plant op- timization, but cross-cutting short-term research goals that have already been discussed include the development of multiscale cell and stack modelling, scalable manufacturing technologies, and online monitoring technologies for industrial plants. Specific research goals for AWE include • Transferring low TRL catalyst technologies to commercial electrodes (TRL 8) within 5 years • Alternative innovative processes with optimal performance, durability, and cost structure for integration with downstream thermocatalytic upgrading processes (TRL 6) within 5 years Specific research goals for PEMWE include • Operation of a 100 MW PEMWE-based hydrogen plant integrated with a downstream ther- mocatalytic process within 5 years • Development of competitive non-Nafion membranes within 5 years • Introduction of alternative commercial anode catalyst material to iridium on the market within 10 years 97PDF Image | sustainable production of fuels and chemicals
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