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The Twelve Principles of CO2 CHEMISTRY

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Faraday Discussions Cite this: Faraday Discuss., 2015, 183, 9 PAPER View Article Online View Journal | View Issue The Twelve Principles of CO2 CHEMISTRY† Martyn Poliakoff,*a Walter Leitner*bc and Emilia S. Strengab Received 9th October 2015, Accepted 13th October 2015 DOI: 10.1039/c5fd90078f This paper introduces a set of 12 Principles, based on the acronym CO2 CHEMISTRY, which are intended to form a set of criteria for assessing the viability of different processes or reactions for using CO2 as a feedstock for making organic chemicals. The principles aim to highlight the synergy of Carbon Dioxide Utilisation (CDU) with the components of green and sustainable chemistry as well as briefly pointing out the connection to the energy sector. Introduction The world is changing rapidly. The global population is soaring, passing 7 billion in October 2011.1 Human consumption is already greater than our planet can sustain; furthermore, 1.3 billion of the Earth's inhabitants are profoundly poor and, on every criterion, deserve to consume more.2,3 Therefore, there is a need to increase chemical production to match the increased demand. However, it is generally accepted that petroleum reserves are nite and that it is necessary to nd alternative feedstocks for making those chemicals. Although the planet's reserves of coal are much larger than those of oil, it is not clear whether these could be exploited to make chemicals without the release of large quantities of CO2. Shale gas provides another large volume carbon source and, although its exploitation is associated with a large potential environmental burden, it is having a major impact on chemical production, oen causing a shi from petroleum feedstocks. Nevertheless, the utilization of all fossil resources ulti- mately contributes to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, either directly (methane) and/or indirectly by producing CO2 as the end product of the value chain. aThe School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK. E-mail: martyn. poliakoff@nottingham.ac.uk bInstitut fu ̈r Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany. E-mail: leitner@itmc.rwth-aachen.de cMax-Planck-Institut fu ̈r Kohlenforschung, Mu ̈lheim an der Ruhr, Germany † Dedicated to the memory of our dear Nottingham colleague, Professor Daniel D Eley OBE FRS FRSC, the elder statesman of catalysis worldwide, who died peacefully on Sept 3rd, four days before the start of this Faraday Discussion and four weeks short of his 101st birthday. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Faraday Discuss., 2015, 183, 9–17 | 9 Open Access Article. Published on 03 November 2015. Downloaded on 30/08/2016 10:44:04. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence.

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