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View Article Online Faraday Discussions Paper Already, CO2 levels are the highest in recorded history and there is a general scientic consensus that further increases in atmospheric CO2 will have serious consequences for the Earth's climate.4–6 The global demand for energy is rapidly increasing and CO2 emissions are not yet under control. Therefore, all efforts have to be undertaken to reduce these emissions in every industrial sector including the production of chemicals. A highly attractive scenario in this context is to make chemicals from CO2, either captured before it is emitted to the atmosphere or by recovering it from the atmosphere via photosynthesis in biomass or via some equivalent articial process. That is not to say that making chemicals from CO2 could mitigate anthropogenic emissions of CO2 because the scales of the two activities are totally mismatched: global CO2 emissions are in the order of 1010 tons p.a. while the maximum potential consumption of CO2 in chemical and industrial processes is estimated as 108 tons p.a.7 So, even allowing for possible errors, these numbers are never likely to match. However, these data can be seen as encouraging, rather than frustrating; they clearly indicate that CO2 is and will be available from various industrial sources in more than sufficient quantities for its intensive use as chemical feedstock in Carbon Dioxide Utilisation (CDU). Capturing CO2 from highly concentrated sources, e.g. via processes such as those developed for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technologies,8 may well provide an excellent source of CO2 for making chemicals at least in the short to medium term. On the other hand, even if chemical processes require comparatively small amounts of CO2 compared to the possible output of CCS, CDU does have the potential to add value to captured CO2 which would otherwise be a largely valueless waste product. The idea of using CO2 as a feedstock has fascinated chemists for decades, as indicated for example by the more than 20 years history of the International Conference on Carbon Dioxide Utilization (ICCDU). Potential synergies at the interface between chemistry and energy and the resulting opportunities for viable technical solutions associated with CDU have been a topic of lively discussion at this Faraday Discussion. This Faraday Discussion includes 22 papers, apart from this one and the Concluding Remarks. The purpose of this introductory paper is to present a check list of the 12 Principles of CO2 Chemistry to provide a rough set of metrics for gauging the value of a particular proposal in this area. The inspiration is the now Fig. 1 The proposed 12 Principles of CO2 Chemistry. Their meaning is explained in the text. 10 | Faraday Discuss., 2015, 183, 9–17 This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Open Access Article. Published on 03 November 2015. Downloaded on 30/08/2016 10:44:04. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence.PDF Image | The Twelve Principles of CO2 CHEMISTRY
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