PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 030
REAL Alternatives Module 2 Design Differences for Alternative Refrigerants | 30 Defrost heaters if the surface temperature can exceed a temperature 100OC less than the ignition temperature for the refrigerant, e.g. 360OC for HCs (maximum heater surface temperature should be demonstrated by testing in the operating environment maximum ambient, assuming defrost termination has failed). Hot surfaces above 360 degrees C. This is not an exhaustive list, but includes the most common electrical devices which need to be considered. The following items are generally not sources of ignition: Lighting (the switch, starter and terminations must be considered even for low voltage lighting), Capacitors (it is recommended that bleed resistors are fitted to minimise the hazard caused by discharge during service); Solenoid valve coils; Wiring connections (accidental disconnection, for example during service, can produce a spark. To minimise this risk with push crimp terminals, tagged terminations that cannot be accidentally disconnected are recommended); Fuses (deemed non sparking devices if they are non‐rewirable, non‐indicating cartridge types or indicating cartridge types, according to IEC60269‐3 (Low‐ voltage fuses – Part 3: Supplementary requirements for fuses for use by unskilled persons (fuses mainly for household and similar applications) – Examples of standardized systems of fuses A to F), operating within their rating 16). Dealing with sources of ignition There are various options for dealing with sources of ignition within a potentially flammable zone as shown in Step 1.3. Where option 2 (“suitable devices”) is selected the device should comply with IEC EN60079‐ 15. This standard defines type “n” protection as that which, in normal operation and in certain specified abnormal conditions, is not capable of igniting a surrounding explosive gas atmosphere. Switching electrical devices which are located in a potentially flammable atmosphere should therefore be type “n” in accordance with IEC EN60079‐15 Explosive atmospheres – Equipment protection by type of protection “n” . Devices which are type “n” must be tested by an approved notified body and correctly documented. 1‐ Electrical connections within a potentially flammable zone are hazardous if disconnected while energised. Plugs and sockets, if they are allocated and connected to only one part of the equipment, shall be secured mechanically to prevent unintentional separation or have a minimum separation force of 15 Nm. The equipment shall be marked as follows 17: WARNING – do not separate when energised 16 EN60079‐15:2010 Explosive atmospheres – Equipment protection by type of protection “n”, 9.1 17 EN60079‐15:2010 Explosive atmospheres – Equipment protection by type of protection “n”, 10.1 and 24.3.1PDF Image | Alternative Refrigerants
PDF Search Title:
Alternative RefrigerantsOriginal File Name Searched:
RealAlternatives-2-Design-differences-Feb15.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info
Heat Pumps CO2 ORC Heat Pump System Platform More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)