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CHAPTER 2: LITERA TURE STUDY 12 The CO2 renaissance started with Professor Gustav Lorentzen in Norway. In 1989 he devised a 'trans-critical' CO2 cycle, where he controlled the high side pressure with a throttling valve. This was intended for automobile conditioning which was identified as a main contributor to CFC emissions. There was also a need for a refrigerant that was non-flammable or non-toxic. The experimental results for the first prototype CO2 system for automobile air conditioning were published in 1992 by Lorentzen and Peterson. A comparison was made between a conventional R-12 system and a CO2 system with the same capacities. Simple cycle calculations made beforehand showed that the CO2 system will have inferior efficiency against the conventional R-12 system but a number of practical factors resulted in the two ending up having the same efficiency. From results found in the early development of CO2, interest in CO2 as refrigerant started to increase throughout the 1990's, despite resistance from the fluorocarbon and automotive industries. Over the years a number of development and co operation projects were initiated in various sectors of the refrigeration industry (Kim et al., 2003). From the brief look at the history of the refrigerants used, it is clear that, as refrigerants evolved, no global approach has been implemented to simultaneously .. ' address the various issues surrounding global warming and the effect on the ozone layer. This is mainly because of the lack of knowledge and also because scientific evidence of the effects of refrigerants was not acknowledged (Bensafi & Thonon, 2007; Calm, 2008). Until recently man-made sUbstances were used as refrigerants mainly because their environmental effect could only be identified on a long term basis. With HFCs introduced, the problem surrounding global warming is not resolved and with the worldwide climate change becoming an ever greater concern, the use of HFCs will be regulated (Bensafi & Thonon, 2007). A Techno-Economical Analysis of a CO2 Heat Pump. School ofMechanical Engineering, North-West UniversityPDF Image | CO2 HEAT PUMP Analysis
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